Obste II midterm - various questions found on sows and horses or general questions Flashcards
- Indicate the incorrect statement!
Kisspeptin neurons are present in the anterior lobe of the pituitary.
- Which hormone is a decapeptide (it is made up of 10 amino acids)?
GnRH
- Indicate the INCORRECT statement:
GnRH is produced in the anterior pituitary.
- What does puberty mean in domestic animals?
Maturation of genital organs and start of cyclic sexual activity
- What is typical for the equine oestrus cycle?
Seasonally polyoestrus long day breeder species
- In the sow, the maternal recognition of pregnancy is based on the production of…
Estradiol
- What does the hatching mean?
The embryo at the blastocyst stage leaves the zona pellucida
- How does a PGF2a treatment with therapeutical dose at the day after parturition act on uterine contractility?
does not act on it
- Which of these animals has the most optimal pelvic bone in terms of formation of the bony birth cana?
A purebred
Arabian mare
- Which statement is not correct
Harms-dog sitting position is a severe abnormal type of position often occuring in horses
- Which is not abnormal
ventral position of a foal foetus during the second trimester of pregnancy
- Select the correct statement! Please note that the time of the investigation is not indicated
Ventral position may be normal
Indicate the incorrect
a) The GnRH producing nuclei are located in the anterior pituitary
b) the oxytocin producing nuclei are located in the hypothalamus
c) Both the surge center and pulse center producing GnRH are located in the hypothalamus
d) GnRH is transported to the hypophyseal stalk on a perineureal way
e) Oxytocin is transported to the posterior pituitary gland on a perineureal way
a) The GnRH producing nuclei are located in the anterior pituitary
Indicate the incorrect
a) Melatonin is produced in the corpus pineale
b) The daily melatonin pattern has an obvious circadian rhythm
c) The plasma level of melatonin decreases in daylight and increases in the dark period.
d) Cyclic ovarian function can be induced with melatonin administration in ewes out of the
breeding season.
e) In mares the long periods of daily melatonin increases the cyclic ovarian activity
e) In mares the long periods of daily melatonin increases the cyclic ovarian activity
Indicate the incorrect
a) The GnRH producing surge center of the hypothalamus must have an estradiol signal for
GnRH release.
b) The GnRH producing surge center of the hypothalamus is active in males of seasonal
breeder species during the breeding season.
c) The GnRH producing surge center of the hypothalamus is active in females of seasonal
breeder species during breeding season.
d) The GnRH producing surge center of the hypothalamus is estradiol sensitive in females of
seasonal breeder species during breeder season.
e) At the time of puberty the GnRH producing surge center of the hypothalamus becomes
estradiol sensitive in females of seasonal breeder species during breeder season.
b) The GnRH producing surge center of the hypothalamus is active in males of seasonal
Indicate the incorrect
a) GnRH is produced in the anterior pituitary
b) The hypophyseal vessels transporting the GnRH from a portal system.
c) In the hypothalamus separated nuclei are responsible for the tonic and preovulatory-like
GnRH release.
d) The pulse frequency of the tonic GnRH release is suppressed by progesterone.
e) The preovulatory-like GnRH release s triggered by 17 B estradiol.
a) GnRH is produced in the anterior pituitary
Indicate the incorrect
a) The dog ovulates ca. 24-48 (<72) hours after the preovulatory LH peak
b) The mare ovulates in the latest hours of the preovulatory LH peak (although the duration
of The preovultory LH elevation is unusually long)
c) The ewe and goat ovulates in the latest hours of the preovulatory LH peak
d) The pig ovulates ca. 40 hours after the onset of the preovulatory LH peak
e) the cow ovulated about 24-48 hours after the preovulatory LH peak
b) The mare ovulates in the latest hours of the preovulatory LH peak (although the duration
of The preovultory LH elevation is unusually long)
Indicate the incorrect
a) Primordial follicles consist of ca. 30 flat granulose cells plus the oocyte, and surrounded by
basal membrane
b) The size of primordial follicles is ca. 30-50 micrometer in diameter
c) Primary follicles consist of ca. 30-60 cuboidal granulose cells plus the oocyte.
d) Primary follicles need some local growth factors for their further differentiation
e) Primary follicles can produce 17 B estradiol and inhibin
e) Primary follicles can produce 17 B estradiol and inhibin
Indicate which statement related to the antral (tertiary) …… follicles is correct
a) The theca interna cells can produce 17 B estradiol and inhibin
b) The granulose cells need inhibin for 17 B estradiol production
c) The IGF-1 and insulin content of the follicular fluid increases the 17 B estradiol producing
aromatase activity of granulose cells.
d) The granulose cells need progesterone for the 17 B estradiol production
e) The theca interna cells need cortisol for 17 B estradiol production
c) The IGF-1 and insulin content of the follicular fluid increases the 17 B estradiol producing
aromatase activity of granulose cells.
At what stage does the differentiation of cells starts?
a) 4-8 cell stage
b) 2-4 cell stage
c) Fertilization
d) Blastocyct stage
d) Blastocyct stage
Please indicate, what of the below statements related to the luteolytic process of corpus
luteum, is incorrect.
A) In ruminants the corpus luteum becomes PGF2alpha-sensitive 4 days after the ovulation.
B) In mares the corpus luteum becomes PGF2alpha-sensitive 5 days after the ovulation.
C) In pig the corpus luteum becomes PGF2alpha-sensitive 5 days after the ovulation.
D) Luteolysis is the apoptotic degeneration of luteal cells.
E) Most of the luteolytic effects of PGF2alpha are directed to the large luteal cells.
C) In pig the corpus luteum becomes PGF2alpha-sensitive 5 days after the ovulation.
Please indicate, what of the below statements related to the wave like development of
gonadotrop sensitive follicles is incorrect.
A) In cattel there are usually 2-3 waves in growth of follicles per cycle.
B) In sheep there are usually 3-4 waves in growth of follicles in most of the cycles, however,
the individual variability is important.
C) In pig there are usually 3-4 waves in growth of follicles per cycles.
D) In mares there is only 1 (or perhaps 2) wave(s) in growth of follicles per cycle.
E) In goat there are usually 3-5 waves in growth of follicles per cycle.
C) In pig there are usually 3-4 waves in growth of follicles per cycles.(only 1 wave)
Please indicate, what of the below statements related to the maternal recognition of pregnancy is incorrect.
A) Some hours after hatching from the zone pellucida the equine embryo starts an intensive
longitudinal growth. (elongation)
B) Some hours after hatching from the zona pellucida the ruminant and porcine embryos
start an intensive longitudinal growth (elongation)
C) In ruminants the embryonic signal of maternal recognition of pregnancy is a protein
belonging to the interferon family (interferon-1)
D) In pig the embryonic signal in maternal recognition of pregnancy is estrogen-based.
E) In mares the embryonic signal of maternal recognition of pregnancy is a protein, however
its effect is combined/completed also with some estrogens of embryonic origin.
A) Some hours after hatching from the zone pellucida the equine embryo starts an intensive
longitudinal growth. (elongation)
Which sign is not characteristic for starting a delivery?
A) vulva-oedema
B) foul-smelling discharge from the vagina
C) udder oedema and colostrum secretion
D) labour pains.
B) foul-smelling discharge from the vagina
Please mark the synonym for Harm’s dog sitting position. A) a vetro-vertical presentation B) an oblique dorsal position C) a dorso-transverse presenation D) a ventral position
A) a vetro-vertical presentation
Which of these animals has the most optimal pelvic bone? A) Shetland pony mare B) Danish dog bitch C) Merino ewe D) Holstein-frisian cow
A) Shetland pony mare
Which statement is true in connection with a corpus luteum (CL) in mares?
a. The CL is palpable rectally in every case
b. The CL is never palpabe rectally
c. The CL appears on the ultrasonograph as a non-echogenic area
d. The CL cannot be examined using ultrasonography
e. The CL can be most successfully examined using ultrasonography
e. The CL can be most successfully examined using ultrasonography
Which statement is true in connection with the terciar (antral) follicles in mare?
a. The follicles are palpabe rectally in every case
b. The follicles are never palpable rectally
c. The follicles appear on the ultrasonograph as a non-echogenic area
d. The follicles cannot be examined using ultrasonography
e. The follicles can only be examined using ultrasonography
c. The follicles appear on the ultrasonograph as a non-echogenic area
Which statement is true in the connection with the follicles in mares?
a. Ultrasonography allows the primary, the secondary and the terciar (antral) follicles to
be examined
b. Ultrasonography only allows the primary and the secondary follicles to be examined
c. Ultrasonography only allows the terciar (antral) follicles to be examined
d. The primary and secondary follicles can only be examined rectally
e. Only the primary follicles can be examined rectally
c. Ultrasonography only allows the terciar (antral) follicles to be examined
Choose the false statement: in the mare
a. After fertilization the oestrogen (E2) level is increased and can be detected as a
secondary postovulatory peak
b. The signals for recognition of pregnancy are produced by oestrogens/proteins
c. The oestrogen concentration on the 36 th day is higher than at ovulation
d. Oestrogens are only produced by the secondary follicles
e. Oestrogens are also produced by corpus luteum graviditatis
d. Oestrogens are only produced by the secondary follicles
