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Obstetrics > Midterm 1 - Hungarian + questions from last lecture > Flashcards

Midterm 1 - Hungarian + questions from last lecture Flashcards

1
Q

How many stages has the parturition?

  1. One
  2. Two
  3. Three
A
  1. Three
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2
Q

What does Eutocia mean
A. Difficult birth
B. Normal birth
C. Start of parturition

A

B. Normal birth

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3
Q

In Which stage of the parturition the calf born?

  1. First
  2. Second
  3. Third
A
  1. Second
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4
Q

What is the 1st effect responsible for the induction of the parturition

  1. Fetal CRH/ACTH production
  2. Maternal CRH/ACTH production
  3. Fetal PGF2alpha production
A
  1. Fetal CRH/ACTH production
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5
Q

Why the cortisol level is increased prior to the start of the parturition?
A. P4 concentration decreases
B. Relaxin level increases
C. Fetal stress

A

C. Fetal stress

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6
Q

What is the main cause fo oxytocin release
A. Relaxin production
B. PGF2alpha production
C. Stimulation of the sensory neurons in the cervix by the fetus

A

C. Stimulation of the sensory neurons in the cervix by the fetus

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7
Q

How long is the 1st stage of parturition in the cow?
A. 60-120 min
B. 2-6h
C. 8-10h

A

B. 2-6h

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8
Q

What is the main task of relaxin?
A. To stimulate PGF2alpha synthesis
B. To stop P4 block
C. Relaxation softening of the pelvic ligaments & the cervix + opening of the cervix

A

C. Relaxation softening of the pelvic ligaments & the cervix + opening of the cervix

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9
Q

What is the number of uterine contraction during the 1st stage of parturition?
A. 6-12
B. 12-24
C. 24-48

A

B. 12-24

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10
Q

What can be used to induce parturition in the cow?

  1. Estradiol
  2. Progesterone
  3. Corticosteroid and PGF2alpha
A
  1. Corticosteroid and PGF2alpha
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11
Q 
In which phase of the pregnancy we can not induce the parturition with PGF2alpha in the cow? 
A. Day 50-100
B. Day 50-150
C. Day 150-250
D. 260-285
A

C. Day 150-250

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12
Q

How long is the second stage of the calving?
A. 30-60 min
B. 2-3h
C. 4-5h

A

A. 30-60 min

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13
Q 
The E2 level increases prior to the start of parturition. From which hormone?
A. Cortisol
B. FSH
C. LH
D. P4
A

D. P4

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14
Q 
In which stage of the parturition the alantochorion ruptures?
A. 1st 
B. 2nd
C. 3rd 
D. 4th
A

B. 2nd

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15
Q 
What produces relaxin in the cow? 
A. CL
B. Uterus
C. Placenta
D. Hypothalamus
A

A. CL

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16
Q 
What produces relaxin in the pig? 
A. CL
B. Uterus
C. Placenta
D. Hypothalamus
A

A. CL

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17
Q 
What produces relaxin in the horse ? 
A. CL
B. Uterus
C. Placenta
D. Hypothalamus
A

C. Placenta

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18
Q 
In which of the parturition the placenta expelled?
A. 1st 
B. 2nd 
C. 3rd
D. 4th
A

C. 3rd

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19
Q

What is the most important disadvantage of the induction of parturition?

  1. Dramatically decreases the milk production
  2. Frequently causes infertility
  3. Fetal membrane retention
A
  1. Fetal membrane retention
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20
Q

What is the cause of secondary placental retention?

  1. There is mechanical difficulty in expelling already separated fetal membranes
  2. Lack of separation from maternal cotyledons
A
  1. There is mechanical difficulty in expelling already separated fetal membranes
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21
Q

What does dystocia mean?
A. Induction of parturition?
B. Difficult birth
C. Infertility

A

B. Difficult birth

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22
Q

Factors involved in the separation of maternal and fetal membranes - indicate the wrong answer:

  1. Maturation
  2. Rupturing of umbilicus
  3. Uterine contraction
  4. Uterine inertia
  5. Progesterone production
A
  1. Progesterone production
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23
Q

The metabolic acidosis can be corrected sooner? Yes or no?

A

Yes

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24
Q

What is the glue line and where is it located ?
A. adhesive protein and it is between the interface of maternal and fetal placenta
2. Bifurcation of the left and right uterine horn
3. The glue line seals the cervical canal

A

A. adhesive protein and it is between the interface of maternal and fetal placenta

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25
Q

Respiratory movements must occur within
A. 10 sec
B. 60 sec
C. 4-5 min

A

B. 60 sec

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26
Q

In case of metabolic acidosis:
A. Plasma bicarbonate conc is high
B. Plasma bicarbonate conc is low
C. Plasma lactic acid conc. is lov

A

B. Plasma bicarbonate conc is low

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27
Q

Which of the cyst has got thick wall?

  1. Follicular cyst
  2. Luteal cyst
  3. Both
A
  1. Luteal cyst
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28
Q

What is the zona pellucida?
A. Plasma membrane covering the cytoplasm of the oocytes/embryo
B. translucent band around the cytoplasm which is a mucopolysaccharide material
C. Cell organele producing energy for the cell

A

B. translucent band around the cytoplasm which is a mucopolysaccharide material

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29
Q

Which is the receptor protein on the surface of the zona pellucida

  1. ZP1
  2. ZP2
  3. ZP3
A
  1. ZP3
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30
Q

What is the main even of the acrosome reaction?
A. Fusion of the plasma membrane and the outer acrosomal membrane
B. Fusion of the out and inner acrosomal membrane
C. The embryo leaves the zona pellucida

A

A. Fusion of the plasma membrane and the outer acrosomal membrane

31
Q

How long is the fertile period (lifespan) of the spermatozoa in the bitch (in days)?
A. 1-2 day
B. 7-8 day
C. 9-11 day

A

C. 9-11 day

32
Q

What does hatching mean?
A. The blastocyst leaves the zona pellucida
B. The mural start to become compact
C. The male and female pronuclei starts to fuse

A

A. The blastocyst leaves the zona pellucida

33
Q

Which materials/hormones are involved in luteolysis
A. Oxytocin, oxytocin receptors and PGF2alpha
B. Only PGF2alpha
C. Only oxytocin and oxytocin receptors

A

A. Oxytocin, oxytocin receptors and PGF2alpha

34
Q

What is the main task of the IFN-T in the material recognition of pregnancy?
A. Inhibits the production of oxytocin receptors
B. Inhibits the PGF2alpha production
C. Inhibits the oxytocin production

A

A. Inhibits the production of oxytocin receptors

35
Q

What is the spindle?
A. The spindle consist of microtubular system + macromolecules carrying the chromosomes
B. Mucopolisaccharid layers
C. middle piece of the spermatozoa

A

A. The spindle consist of microtubular system + macromolecules carrying the chromosomes

36
Q

Based on what property the spindle can be detected in the oocyte?

  1. Birefrigence
  2. color (white)
  3. shape
A
  1. Birefrigence
37
Q

What is the name of the process through which the spermatozoa aquires hyperactivited motility?
A. Capacitation
B. acrosomal reaction
3. Fertilization

A

A. Capacitation

38
Q

What is the size of the cyst if it is alone on the ovary?

  1. > 50mm
  2. > 25 mm
  3. > 15 mm
A
  1. > 25 mm
39
Q

H.
Maternal reco of pregnancy

Please indicate, what of the below statements related to the maternal recognition of pregnancy is incorrect.
A) Some hours after hatching from the zone pellucida the equine embryo starts an intensive longitudinal growth. (elongation)
B) Some hours after hatching from the zona pellucida the ruminant and porcine embryos start an intensive longitudinal growth (elongation)
C) In ruminants the embryonic signal of maternal recognition of pregnancy is a protein belonging to the interferon family (interferon-1)
D) In pig the embryonic signal in maternal recognition of pregnancy is estrogen-based.
E) In mares the embryonic signal of maternal recognition of pregnancy is a protein, however its effect is combined/completed also with some estrogens of embryonic origin.

A

Bovine interferon tau
Sow estradiol
Mare conceptus and protein
Dog no recognition

A

40
Q

H.

Puberty means

A

When the animal has mature sexual organs and starts cycling

The physiologic events leading to puberty are analogous to those regulating the onset of the breeding season.

41
Q

H.

Species not polyestrus

A

dog

42
Q

H.

Which stage at the embryo develop

A

??

43
Q

H.

Dog maternal recognition is based on production of

A

NO signal

44
Q

H.

Estrus fertilization of the cattle

A

Last third of heat

45
Q

H.

When does the embryo arrive into the Villus

A 
?
Morula arrives into uterus
Cow 4 - 7 days
Ewe 3 - 4 days
Mare (3) 4 - 5 days

Blastocyst
Cow 7 - 12 days
Ewe 4 - 10 days
Mare 6 -8 days

Hatching
Cow 9 - 11 days
Ewe 7 -8 days
Mare 7 - 8 days

46
Q

H.

How long is the fetus life embryo into the bitch

A

58-68 days

47
Q

H.

Breeding range of the breeding heifers

A

14-16 months

48
Q

H.

Time of ovulation of the cattle

A

From onset of estrus to ovulation: 24 - 32 hours
From LH surge to ovulation: 28 hours
12-18 hrs after the end of clinical estrus signs

49
Q

H.

Time of attachment in cattle

A

18-22 days

50
Q

H.
Structure of the bovine placenta

According to the microscopic appearance, what kind of placenta has the cow?

A

Epitheliochorialis
Caruncles, convex
Cotyledonary

Placenta syndesmochorialis / epitheliochorialis

51
Q

H.

Hormone at the final stage of pregnancy for dairy heifers

A

?
Maintenance pregnancy: P4
Initiation of parturition: fetal ACTH and cortisol

52
Q 
H.
How many stages does the parturition have in the cow? 
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5
A

B) 3

53
Q 
H.
One of the below statements concerning the induction of parturition in the cow is incorrect. Parturition can be induced with:
a) Relaxin
b) Corticosteroids
c) PGF2α and analogues
d) PGF2α and corticosteroid
A

a) Relaxin

54
Q

H.

What stage all the cattle of the parturition of the membrane expelled

A

It should be all expelled by 24hrs after this it is retained foetal membrane (3rd stage)

55
Q

H.

How many days the cow can expelled the fetal membrane

A

24h

56
Q 
H.
What characterizes uterine contractility of normo-calemic cows with retinal foetal membranes as related to healthy controls within 2 days post-partum?
a) Weaker
b) Same magnitude
c) Stronger
d) Total inactivity
A

A. weaker

57
Q

H.
How does the PG2 with therapeutic dose after parturition act on the uterus contraction

How does a PGF2α treatment with therapeutical dose at the day after
parturition act on the uterine contractility?
a. Enhances
b. Inhibits
c. Does not act on it
d. Enhances on the frequency of contractions but does not influence their
intensity.

A

Does not effect??

58
Q

H.
What is the time first follicular growth
After Post partum? Or link to puberty?

A

If link to the puberty → 1st follicular growth at the puberty
First growth after calving: 10-20 days

59
Q 
H. 
When does the oestrus cycle reinitiate after parturition in dairy cows?
10-45 days
60-70 days 
50-60 days
70-80 days
In postpartum (non-suckling) dairy cows the first ovulation may interrelate with:
A) the nadir of energetic imbalance
B) the body condition at calving
C) the body condition loss after calving
D) beta-carotene – vitamin A deficiency
A

10-45 days

D

60
Q

H.
What is the main hormonal factor of delayed resumption of cyclic ovarian activity caused by energy deficit?
a. Due to oestrogen insensitivity of the hypothalamus there are onyltnic GnRH releases.
b. Follicular growth and ovulation is blocked by persisting high level of P4.
c. There is cyclic follicular growth but without clinical symptoms.
d. Presence of calves causes lactational anoestrous.

A

A

61
Q

H.
How can the post-partial negative energy balance be prevented or decreased?
a) With maximal energy intake during the dry period.
b) By restricted feeding during the dry period, followed by ad libitum feeding with maximal energy content during lactation.
c) Maximal energy intake during the dry period and restricted feeding after calving.
d) Feeding only with energy-rich concentrate after calving.

A

b) By restricted feeding during the dry period, followed by ad libitum feeding with maximal energy content during lactation.

62
Q

H.

How can you determine a internal uterine factor

A

Rectal palpation

63
Q

H.
Methycellulose function
What is methylcellulose?
A) a preparation often used to administer during paravertebral anaesthesia
B) a main component of the allantioc fluid
C) the main component of modern lubricants
D) a sedative

A

C

64
Q

H.

Which one is not part of the abnormal forelimb postures?

A

Head-breast posture

65
Q 
H.
When should allowed force extraction not be used? 
a) Relatively large foetus
b) Live foetus
c) Dead foetus
d) Dorso-vertical presentation
A

(d) Dorso-vertical presentation) - PQ

a) Relatively large foetus -> make more sense

66
Q 
H.
What can be used to fix lateral head deviation? 
a) Saake snare
b) Gagny loop
c) ostertag eyehook
d) Manually by hand only
A

B) gagny loop

67
Q

H.
Choose the only one incorrect statement during the Götze-method of total fetotomy
We cut the forelegs in the carpal joint
We cut the head and neck
We use a diagonal back running cut for the thorax
We eviscerate

A

We use a diagonal backrunning cut for the thorax

68
Q

H.

What is the rectal palpation finding on the follicule of cattle

A

Fluctuating

69
Q

H.

25-28cm long pencil like end

A

oviduct

70
Q

H.

picture

A

shoulder flexion posture

71
Q

H.

second picture

A

ventro transverse?

72
Q

H.

Where can you find the ovaries in bovine

A

it is changing spaces because lig. ovari is long

73
Q

H.

How is the uterus tone changing after giving birth

A

It contracts to allow expulsion of placenta and avoid any haemorrhages

Obstetrics (3 decks)

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