Midterm 1 - Hungarian + questions from last lecture Flashcards
1
Q
How many stages has the parturition?
- One
- Two
- Three
A
- Three
2
Q
What does Eutocia mean
A. Difficult birth
B. Normal birth
C. Start of parturition
A
B. Normal birth
3
Q
In Which stage of the parturition the calf born?
- First
- Second
- Third
A
- Second
4
Q
What is the 1st effect responsible for the induction of the parturition
- Fetal CRH/ACTH production
- Maternal CRH/ACTH production
- Fetal PGF2alpha production
A
- Fetal CRH/ACTH production
5
Q
Why the cortisol level is increased prior to the start of the parturition?
A. P4 concentration decreases
B. Relaxin level increases
C. Fetal stress
A
C. Fetal stress
6
Q
What is the main cause fo oxytocin release
A. Relaxin production
B. PGF2alpha production
C. Stimulation of the sensory neurons in the cervix by the fetus
A
C. Stimulation of the sensory neurons in the cervix by the fetus
7
Q
How long is the 1st stage of parturition in the cow?
A. 60-120 min
B. 2-6h
C. 8-10h
A
B. 2-6h
8
Q
What is the main task of relaxin?
A. To stimulate PGF2alpha synthesis
B. To stop P4 block
C. Relaxation softening of the pelvic ligaments & the cervix + opening of the cervix
A
C. Relaxation softening of the pelvic ligaments & the cervix + opening of the cervix
9
Q
What is the number of uterine contraction during the 1st stage of parturition?
A. 6-12
B. 12-24
C. 24-48
A
B. 12-24
10
Q
What can be used to induce parturition in the cow?
- Estradiol
- Progesterone
- Corticosteroid and PGF2alpha
A
- Corticosteroid and PGF2alpha
11
Q
In which phase of the pregnancy we can not induce the parturition with PGF2alpha in the cow? A. Day 50-100 B. Day 50-150 C. Day 150-250 D. 260-285
A
C. Day 150-250
12
Q
How long is the second stage of the calving?
A. 30-60 min
B. 2-3h
C. 4-5h
A
A. 30-60 min
13
Q
The E2 level increases prior to the start of parturition. From which hormone? A. Cortisol B. FSH C. LH D. P4
A
D. P4
14
Q
In which stage of the parturition the alantochorion ruptures? A. 1st B. 2nd C. 3rd D. 4th
A
B. 2nd
15
Q
What produces relaxin in the cow? A. CL B. Uterus C. Placenta D. Hypothalamus
A
A. CL
16
Q
What produces relaxin in the pig? A. CL B. Uterus C. Placenta D. Hypothalamus
A
A. CL
17
Q
What produces relaxin in the horse ? A. CL B. Uterus C. Placenta D. Hypothalamus
A
C. Placenta
18
Q
In which of the parturition the placenta expelled? A. 1st B. 2nd C. 3rd D. 4th
A
C. 3rd
19
Q
What is the most important disadvantage of the induction of parturition?
- Dramatically decreases the milk production
- Frequently causes infertility
- Fetal membrane retention
A
- Fetal membrane retention
20
Q
What is the cause of secondary placental retention?
- There is mechanical difficulty in expelling already separated fetal membranes
- Lack of separation from maternal cotyledons
A
- There is mechanical difficulty in expelling already separated fetal membranes
21
Q
What does dystocia mean?
A. Induction of parturition?
B. Difficult birth
C. Infertility
A
B. Difficult birth
22
Q
Factors involved in the separation of maternal and fetal membranes - indicate the wrong answer:
- Maturation
- Rupturing of umbilicus
- Uterine contraction
- Uterine inertia
- Progesterone production
A
- Progesterone production
23
Q
The metabolic acidosis can be corrected sooner? Yes or no?
A
Yes
24
Q
What is the glue line and where is it located ?
A. adhesive protein and it is between the interface of maternal and fetal placenta
2. Bifurcation of the left and right uterine horn
3. The glue line seals the cervical canal
A
A. adhesive protein and it is between the interface of maternal and fetal placenta
25
Respiratory movements must occur within
A. 10 sec
B. 60 sec
C. 4-5 min
B. 60 sec
26
In case of metabolic acidosis:
A. Plasma bicarbonate conc is high
B. Plasma bicarbonate conc is low
C. Plasma lactic acid conc. is lov
B. Plasma bicarbonate conc is low
27
Which of the cyst has got thick wall?
1. Follicular cyst
2. Luteal cyst
3. Both
2. Luteal cyst
28
What is the zona pellucida?
A. Plasma membrane covering the cytoplasm of the oocytes/embryo
B. translucent band around the cytoplasm which is a mucopolysaccharide material
C. Cell organele producing energy for the cell
B. translucent band around the cytoplasm which is a mucopolysaccharide material
29
Which is the receptor protein on the surface of the zona pellucida
1. ZP1
2. ZP2
3. ZP3
3. ZP3
30
What is the main even of the acrosome reaction?
A. Fusion of the plasma membrane and the outer acrosomal membrane
B. Fusion of the out and inner acrosomal membrane
C. The embryo leaves the zona pellucida
A. Fusion of the plasma membrane and the outer acrosomal membrane
31
How long is the fertile period (lifespan) of the spermatozoa in the bitch (in days)?
A. 1-2 day
B. 7-8 day
C. 9-11 day
C. 9-11 day
32
What does hatching mean?
A. The blastocyst leaves the zona pellucida
B. The mural start to become compact
C. The male and female pronuclei starts to fuse
A. The blastocyst leaves the zona pellucida
33
Which materials/hormones are involved in luteolysis
A. Oxytocin, oxytocin receptors and PGF2alpha
B. Only PGF2alpha
C. Only oxytocin and oxytocin receptors
A. Oxytocin, oxytocin receptors and PGF2alpha
34
What is the main task of the IFN-T in the material recognition of pregnancy?
A. Inhibits the production of oxytocin receptors
B. Inhibits the PGF2alpha production
C. Inhibits the oxytocin production
A. Inhibits the production of oxytocin receptors
35
What is the spindle?
A. The spindle consist of microtubular system + macromolecules carrying the chromosomes
B. Mucopolisaccharid layers
C. middle piece of the spermatozoa
A. The spindle consist of microtubular system + macromolecules carrying the chromosomes
36
Based on what property the spindle can be detected in the oocyte?
1. Birefrigence
2. color (white)
3. shape
1. Birefrigence
37
What is the name of the process through which the spermatozoa aquires hyperactivited motility?
A. Capacitation
B. acrosomal reaction
3. Fertilization
A. Capacitation
38
What is the size of the cyst if it is alone on the ovary?
1. > 50mm
2. > 25 mm
3. > 15 mm
2. > 25 mm
39
H.
Maternal reco of pregnancy
Please indicate, what of the below statements related to the maternal recognition of pregnancy is incorrect.
A) Some hours after hatching from the zone pellucida the equine embryo starts an intensive longitudinal growth. (elongation)
B) Some hours after hatching from the zona pellucida the ruminant and porcine embryos start an intensive longitudinal growth (elongation)
C) In ruminants the embryonic signal of maternal recognition of pregnancy is a protein belonging to the interferon family (interferon-1)
D) In pig the embryonic signal in maternal recognition of pregnancy is estrogen-based.
E) In mares the embryonic signal of maternal recognition of pregnancy is a protein, however its effect is combined/completed also with some estrogens of embryonic origin.
Bovine interferon tau
Sow estradiol
Mare conceptus and protein
Dog no recognition
A
40
H.
| Puberty means
When the animal has mature sexual organs and starts cycling
The physiologic events leading to puberty are analogous to those regulating the onset of the breeding season.
41
H.
| Species not polyestrus
dog
42
H.
| Which stage at the embryo develop
??
43
H.
| Dog maternal recognition is based on production of
NO signal
44
H.
| Estrus fertilization of the cattle
Last third of heat
45
H.
| When does the embryo arrive into the Villus
```
?
Morula arrives into uterus
Cow 4 - 7 days
Ewe 3 - 4 days
Mare (3) 4 - 5 days
```
Blastocyst
Cow 7 - 12 days
Ewe 4 - 10 days
Mare 6 -8 days
Hatching
Cow 9 - 11 days
Ewe 7 -8 days
Mare 7 - 8 days
46
H.
| How long is the fetus life embryo into the bitch
58-68 days
47
H.
| Breeding range of the breeding heifers
14-16 months
48
H.
| Time of ovulation of the cattle
From onset of estrus to ovulation: 24 - 32 hours
From LH surge to ovulation: 28 hours
12-18 hrs after the end of clinical estrus signs
49
H.
| Time of attachment in cattle
18-22 days
50
H.
Structure of the bovine placenta
According to the microscopic appearance, what kind of placenta has the cow?
Epitheliochorialis
Caruncles, convex
Cotyledonary
Placenta syndesmochorialis / epitheliochorialis
51
H.
| Hormone at the final stage of pregnancy for dairy heifers
?
Maintenance pregnancy: P4
Initiation of parturition: fetal ACTH and cortisol
52
```
H.
How many stages does the parturition have in the cow?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5
```
B) 3
53
```
H.
One of the below statements concerning the induction of parturition in the cow is incorrect. Parturition can be induced with:
a) Relaxin
b) Corticosteroids
c) PGF2α and analogues
d) PGF2α and corticosteroid
```
a) Relaxin
54
H.
| What stage all the cattle of the parturition of the membrane expelled
It should be all expelled by 24hrs after this it is retained foetal membrane (3rd stage)
55
H.
| How many days the cow can expelled the fetal membrane
24h
56
```
H.
What characterizes uterine contractility of normo-calemic cows with retinal foetal membranes as related to healthy controls within 2 days post-partum?
a) Weaker
b) Same magnitude
c) Stronger
d) Total inactivity
```
A. weaker
57
H.
How does the PG2 with therapeutic dose after parturition act on the uterus contraction
How does a PGF2α treatment with therapeutical dose at the day after
parturition act on the uterine contractility?
a. Enhances
b. Inhibits
c. Does not act on it
d. Enhances on the frequency of contractions but does not influence their
intensity.
Does not effect??
58
H.
What is the time first follicular growth
After Post partum? Or link to puberty?
If link to the puberty → 1st follicular growth at the puberty
First growth after calving: 10-20 days
59
```
H.
When does the oestrus cycle reinitiate after parturition in dairy cows?
10-45 days
60-70 days
50-60 days
70-80 days
```
```
In postpartum (non-suckling) dairy cows the first ovulation may interrelate with:
A) the nadir of energetic imbalance
B) the body condition at calving
C) the body condition loss after calving
D) beta-carotene – vitamin A deficiency
```
10-45 days
D
60
H.
What is the main hormonal factor of delayed resumption of cyclic ovarian activity caused by energy deficit?
a. Due to oestrogen insensitivity of the hypothalamus there are onyltnic GnRH releases.
b. Follicular growth and ovulation is blocked by persisting high level of P4.
c. There is cyclic follicular growth but without clinical symptoms.
d. Presence of calves causes lactational anoestrous.
A
61
H.
How can the post-partial negative energy balance be prevented or decreased?
a) With maximal energy intake during the dry period.
b) By restricted feeding during the dry period, followed by ad libitum feeding with maximal energy content during lactation.
c) Maximal energy intake during the dry period and restricted feeding after calving.
d) Feeding only with energy-rich concentrate after calving.
b) By restricted feeding during the dry period, followed by ad libitum feeding with maximal energy content during lactation.
62
H.
| How can you determine a internal uterine factor
Rectal palpation
63
H.
Methycellulose function
What is methylcellulose?
A) a preparation often used to administer during paravertebral anaesthesia
B) a main component of the allantioc fluid
C) the main component of modern lubricants
D) a sedative
C
64
H.
| Which one is not part of the abnormal forelimb postures?
Head-breast posture
65
```
H.
When should allowed force extraction not be used?
a) Relatively large foetus
b) Live foetus
c) Dead foetus
d) Dorso-vertical presentation
```
(d) Dorso-vertical presentation) - PQ
| a) Relatively large foetus -> make more sense
66
```
H.
What can be used to fix lateral head deviation?
a) Saake snare
b) Gagny loop
c) ostertag eyehook
d) Manually by hand only
```
B) gagny loop
67
H.
Choose the only one incorrect statement during the Götze-method of total fetotomy
We cut the forelegs in the carpal joint
We cut the head and neck
We use a diagonal back running cut for the thorax
We eviscerate
We use a diagonal backrunning cut for the thorax
68
H.
| What is the rectal palpation finding on the follicule of cattle
Fluctuating
69
H.
| 25-28cm long pencil like end
oviduct
70
H.
| picture
shoulder flexion posture
71
H.
| second picture
ventro transverse?
72
H.
| Where can you find the ovaries in bovine
it is changing spaces because lig. ovari is long
73
H.
| How is the uterus tone changing after giving birth
It contracts to allow expulsion of placenta and avoid any haemorrhages
