Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Mental Disorders > Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders > Flashcards

Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 diagnoses under this category?

A
  1. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
  2. Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)
  3. Hoarding Disorder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What feature is necessary in order to diagnose OCD?

A

Obsessions or compulsions.

Most people experience both.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are obsessions? What are common ones?

A

Intrusive and persistent thoughts, images, or impulses that are uncontrollable.
Common obsessions are contamination, responsibility for harm, sex and morality, violence, religion, and symmetry/order.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are compulsions? What motivates them?

A

Repetitive, clearly excessive behaviors or mental acts, motivated by desire to reduce anxiety. May involve rituals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What behaviors are not considered obsessions?

A

Behavior that are pleasurable, such as gambling or eating.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When is usual the onset of OCD?

A

Before the age of 14.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 2 DSM-5 criteria for OCD,

A
  1. Obsessions and/or compulsions.

2. They are time consuming, or cause stress and impairment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the key features of BDD?

A

Excessive and distressing preoccupation with one or more imagined or exaggerated defect in appearance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do women with BDD usually focus on? and men?

A

Women focus on: skin, hips, breasts, legs.

Men focus on: height, penis size, body hair, muscularity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the rate of insight in BDD?

A

1/3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the rate of plastic surgery performance in BDD?

A

1/5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the rate of suicidal ideation in BDD? and suicide attempt?

A

1/3 ideation

1/5 attempt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Is culture a factor in BDD?

A

BDD symptoms and outcomes are cross-cultural, while the body parts in focus may be cultural dependent.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the difference between eating disorders and BDD?

A

If the only focus of concern is shape and weight it symptoms are better explained as eating disorder.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 4 DSM-5 criteria for BDD?

A
  1. Preoccupation with one or more perceived defects in appearance.
  2. Others find the perceived defect(s) as slight or unobservable.
  3. The person has performed repetitive behaviors or mental acts (e.g., mirror checking, seeking reassurance, or excessive grooming) in response to the appearance concerns.
  4. Preoccupation is not restricted to concerns about weight or body fat.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What generally characterizes Hoarding Disorder?

A

An excessive need to acquire, attachment to possession and resistance to efforts to get rid of them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When does Hoarding Disorder often begin?

A

In childhood or early adolescence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the 4 DSM-5 criteria for Hoarding Disorder diagnosis?

A
  1. Persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of their actual value.
  2. Perceived need to save items.
  3. Distress associated with discarding.
  4. The accumulation of a large number of possessions clutters active living spaces to the extent that their intended use is compromised unless others intervene.
19
Q

Is there a gender difference in OCD rate?

A

Yes, more common in women.

20
Q

Is there a gender difference in BDD rate?

A

Yes, more common in women.

21
Q

Is there a gender difference in Hoarding Disorder rate?

A

No

22
Q

What is the prevalence of OCD?

A

2%

23
Q

What is the prevalence of BDD?

A

2%

24
Q

What is the prevalence of Hoarding Disorder?

A

1.5%

25
Q

What is comorbid with OCD?

A

BDD and Hoarding Disorder, and also depression, anxiety and substance use disorder.

26
Q

**What are two further disorders in the OCD-related group?

A
  1. Trichotillomania - hair-pulling disorder

2. Excoriation - skin picking disorder

27
Q

**Which disorder is classified to OCD-related disorders in ICD-11, but to a different group in DSM-5? Where is it classified there?

A

Hypochondriasis, classified to Somatic and related disorders (as “Illness Anxiety Disorder”).

28
Q

Are there genetic risk factors in OCD-related disorders?

A

Yes, all 3 share some genetic vulnerability.

29
Q

**What parts of the brain are involved in all 3 OCD-related disorders?

A

All three involve the front-striatal circuit:

  • Orbitofrontal cortex
  • Caudate nucleus
  • Anterior cingulate
30
Q

According to the CBT model, what explains the etiology of OCD?

A

Previously functional responses for reducing threat become habitual and are difficult to override after the threat is gone. Once people with OCD develop a conditioned response, they are slower to change their response.

31
Q

What is the Cognitive Model of Obsessions? (Check this question!)

A
  • People with OCD try harder to suppress their obsessions than others. This makes the situation worse.
  • Thought-action fusion - thinking about something is as morally wrong as engaging in action, thinking about an event makes it more likely to occur. Guilt feelings.
32
Q

What tendencies are etiologically related to BDD?

A
  • Being detail-oriented,
  • Examining one feature instead of the whole.
  • Considering attractiveness as important and exclusively determining self-worth.
33
Q

What tendencies are etiologically related to Hoarding Disorder?

A
  • Poor organizational abilities (attention, categorization, decision making)
  • Unusual beliefs about possessions (seeing potential in any object, extreme emotional attachment to objects).
  • Avoidance behaviors.
34
Q

What medications are used to treat OCD-related disorders? Which is recommended as first line treatment?

A

Antidepressants and SSRis.
SSRI recommended as first line treatment due to less severe side effects, but may require more time) up to 12 weeks) and higher dosage compared to treating depression.

35
Q

Do medications relieve OCD symptoms completely?

A

Most people with OCD continue to experience mild symptoms.

36
Q

What is ERP?

A

Exposure Response Prevention therapy. Generally exposing a patient to an anxiety stimulator and preventing the engagement in unwanted behavior related to it.
Exposure is hierarchal - begins with less threatening stimuli and progresses.

37
Q

What is the improvement rate of OCD patients treated with ERP?

A

69-75% show significant improvement.

38
Q

What is the problem of treating OCD patients with ERP?

A

Cooperation - 1/3 are unwilling to begin ERP, and 1/3 of the participants drop out.

39
Q

Does ERP therapy relieve BDD symptoms completely?

A

Many patients continue to experience at least mild symptoms.

40
Q

In ERP therapy, give examples for exposure and response prevention in each of the 3 - OCD, BDD, Hoarding Disorder.

A

OCD: E - situations that elicit obsessions, R - compulsive behaviors.
BDD: E - interacting with people critical of their looks, R - looking in the mirror to reassure appearance.
Hoarding Disorder: E - getting rid of possessions, R - counting or sorting possessions.

41
Q

What is done in cognitive therapy for OCD-related disorders?

A

Challenging of beliefs about anticipated consequences of not engaging in compulsions.

42
Q

What is Deep Brain Stimulation? What is it used for? What are the success rates?

A

Implanting electrodes into the brain.
It is used for OCD patients that don’t respond to medications (10%).
Half attain significant relief within a couple of months.

43
Q

What is uniquely involved in ERP therapy for Hoarding Disorder?

A
  • Using motivational strategies to facilitate insight into problems caused by symptoms.
  • Providing tools and strategies to help organize and remove clutter. In-home visits for in vivo de-cluttering exercises.

Mental Disorders (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions