Observations

Question 1

non-participant observation

Answer 1

The observer doesn’t take part but
makes notes from afar.

Question 2

advantages of a covert non-participant observation

Answer 2

People unaware they are being studied, so more likely to behave naturally - no hawthorne effect and increased validity

Question 3

disadvantages of a covert non-participant observation

Answer 3

The bias of the observers may affect their observations.
There are ethical issues as people are not always aware they are being observed - consent cannot be gained

Question 4

participant observation

Answer 4

The researcher takes part in the
research, joining in with those
being observed,

Question 5

advantages of a participant observation

Answer 5

Can provide a detailed picture of life over time Allows observers to enter into a relationship with people
Allows researchers to study sensitive and deviant issues

Question 6

disadvantages of a participant observation

Answer 6

Observers may get involved and see issues from the view of the group.
The bias of the observers may affect their observations.
The research takes time and money so has to be limited and is therefore not representative.

Question 7

stages to an observation

Answer 7

getting in

staying in

getting out

Question 8

example of a covert participant observation

Answer 8

Laud Humphreys (1975) – Tearoom Trade: Impersonal sex in public places​ - acted as a watchout for the men having sex in the toilets of the tearooms

Question 9

example of an overt non-participant observation

Answer 9

Elton Mayo - studied the impact being observed had on peoples actions at the hawthorne works - the hawthorne effect

Question 10

example of an overt non - participant observation

Answer 10

Paul Willis - Learning to labour