Observational techniques TIME AND EVENT SAMPLING Flashcards
what happens in a naturalistic observation?
the researcher watches and records behaviour in the SETTING which it would NORMALLY occur.
what happens during a controlled observation?
the researcher watches and records behaviour within a STRUCTURED environment. Where SOME variables are controlled.
What is a covert observation?
When a participants behaviour is observed and recorded WITHOUT their knowledge or consent
what is an overt observation?
when a participant is being watched and recorded WITH their knowledge and consent
what does a researcher do in a participant observation?
They BECOME a member of the group whose behaviour they are recording
what does a researcher do in a Non-participant observation?
they remain OUTSIDE of the group whose behaviour they are watching/recording
what are the strengths and weaknesses of a naturalistic observation?
S:
-high external validity, meaning findings can often be generalised to everyday life.
W:
-lack of control over research situation, makes replication difficult
-confounding/extran variables so more difficult to judge pattern of behaviour.
what are the strengths and weaknesses of a controlled observation?
S:
–replication is easier as there are less confounding/extran variables are less of a factor.
W:
–Findings cant be easily applied to everyday life.
what are the strengths and weaknesses of an Overt observation?
S:
–more ETHICALLY acceptable.
W:
-knowledge of observation may lead to D.C’s which influence behaviour and lower internal validity
what are the strengths and weaknesses of a covert observation?
S:
-Removes demand characteristics, behaviour is natural
-increases internal validity
W:
-UNETHICAL as participants are unaware and may not want to be recorded/watched
what are the strengths and weaknesses of a participant observation?
S:
-researcher experiences situation as the participants do which gives an insight into lives of people being studied
-higher external validity of findings
W:
-researcher may identify too STRONGLY with what they’re studying and lose objectivity.
what are the strengths and weaknesses of a non-participant observation?
S:
-objective psychological distance from participants, less danger of adopting to the local lifestyle.
W:
-Lose valuable insight to be gained in a participant obs, as they’re removed from the people they are studying.
what is time-sampling?
what is event sampling?
