Observational Techniques (D) Flashcards
What is a controlled observation?
- An observation where the researcher controls situational variables (ie the surroundings) and EVs
- using a standardized procedure
Evaluate controlled observations
ADV: Control over EVs
DIS: They lack ecological validity
What is a naturalistic observation?
- An observation where the researcher observes participants in natural, every day life settings
Evaluate naturalistic observation
ADV: They have high ecological validity
DIS: There are many uncontrolled variables
What is an overt observation?
When participants know they’re being observed for a research study
What is a covert observation?
When participants don’t know they’re being observed for a research study
Evaluate covert observations
ADV: Unethical, because no informed consent can be obtained
Evaluate overt observations
DIS: More likely to be affected by social desirability biases and investigator effects
What is a participant observation?
When the researcher takes part in the study eg: sitting in the class and doing all assigned work and homework
What is a non-participant observation?
When the researchers does not take part in the study eg: sitting in a corner and observing the students in lesson
Evaluate participant observations
ADV: Greater insight into the participants’ experiences
DIS: Increases likelihood of investigator effects
Evaluate non-participant observations
ADV: Decreases likelihood of investigator effects
DIS: increase likelihood of demand characteristics
Explain event sampling
When researcher counts the frequency of an event
Explain time sampling
When researchers categorise behaviour at equal intervals
Explain behavioural categories
