Observational techniques Flashcards
What is a controlled observation?
An observation that takes place in a highly controlled environment such as a laboratory setting.
What are the strengths of a controlled observation?
High level of control. Easier to establish cause-and-effect relationships.
What are the limitations of a controlled observation?
The environment is artificial, therefore you may not get natural behaviour.
What is a naturalistic observation?
An observation that takes place in people’s natural environment without control over variables.
What are the strengths of a naturalistic observation?
High degree of natural behaviour meaning findings can be generalised to everyday life.
What are the limitations of a naturalistic observation?
No control of variables so difficult to establish cause-and-effect relationships.
What is a covert observation?
Observation that takes place without the knowledge or awareness of the participants.
What are the strengths of covert observations?
More valid results from participants because natural behaviour is being observed.
What are the limitations of covert observations?
Lack informed consent means there are ethical issues.
What is an overt observation?
Observation that takes place with the full knowledge and awareness of the participants.
What are the strengths of an overt observation?
Ethically sound as participants know they are being observed and will have given consent.
What are the limitations of an overt observation?
Participants may not behave naturally if they are aware of being observed.
What is a participant observation?
Data is gathered by the psychologist whilst being part of the observation.
What are the strengths of a participant observation?
Greater insight into behaviour are gained by being part of the group. Increased validity of the findings.
What are the limitations of a participant observation?
Objectivity of the observations are affected by being part of the group/situation.
