Observational Studies

Question 1

Controlled observation
Naturalistic observation

Answer 1

Controlled observation - which observes behaviour in a controlled environment.
Naturalistic observation - that occurs in a natural environment.

Question 2

Overt
Covert

Answer 2

Overt - where the participant is aware they are being observed.
Covert - where they are unaware.

Question 3

Unstructured
Structured

Answer 3

Unstructured - with all relevant behaviours being recorded.
Structured - with only those in behavioural categories being collected.

Question 4

Participant Observations
Non-participants

Answer 4

Participant observations - where the researcher acts as a participant in the study.
Non-participants - in the study where they don’t.

Question 5

Time Sampling
Event Sampling

Answer 5

(data either collected using) Time Sampling - where an observer records the behaviour at prescribed intervals.
Event sampling - where the observer records each time
the behaviour occurs.