observation techniques Flashcards
What is a naturalistic observation?
Watching and recording behaviour in the setting would occur in which the researcher doesn’t interfere.
What are the strengths of naturalistic observation?
- high external validity as findings can be generalised to everyday life. This is as behaviour is studied within the environment where it occurs
What are the weaknesses of naturalistic observation?
- replication is difficult due to an uncontrolled environment
- many uncontrolled extraneous variables
What is a controlled observation?
Watching and recording behaviour within a structured environment. This is where variables can be controlled and changed
What are the strengths of a controlled observation?
- Aspects are focused
What are the weaknesses of a controlled observation?
-Low external validity as the environment is not natural
What is a covert observation?
Ppts behaviour is watched and recorded without their knowledge or consent but they are informed afterwards
What are the strengths of a covert observation?
Ppts don’t know they are being watched which means there are no demand characteristics.This increases internal validity which removes participant reactivity
What are the weaknesses of a covert observation?
Ethics are questioned
What is an overt observation
Ppts behaviour is watched and recorded with their knowledge and consent
What are the strengths of an overt observation?
More ethically acceptable
What are the weaknesses of an overt observation
demand characteristics likely
What is a participant observation
Research becomes a member of the group whose behaviour he or she is watching and recording.
What are the strengths of participant observation?
Increased insight into the lives of ppts being studied which increases external validity.
What are the weaknesses of participant observation
May come to identify with ppts and lose objectivity as they adapt to a local lifestyle
