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Psychology > Observation > Flashcards

Observation Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a structured observation ?

A

Researcher has a behavioural checklist to follow

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2
Q

What is the strengths of a structured obs

A

Clear direction

Less likely to miss behaviours

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3
Q

What are the weaknesses of a structured obs

A

Behaviours May occur that aren’t on the checklist so are not recorded

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4
Q

What is the definition of a unstructured observation

A

Doesn’t have a predetermined checklist.

Record any behaviour seen

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5
Q

What is the weakness of a unstructured obs

A

May lose sight of actual behaviours

Too many

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6
Q

What is a strength of a unstructured obs

A

Doesn’t restrict checklist

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7
Q

What is a naturalistic observation

A

Carried out in a natural environment

Where you’d expect it to occur

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8
Q

What are the strength of a naturalistic obs

A

More ecologically valid

More natural behaviours from ps

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9
Q

What is the weakness of a naturalistic obs

A

Less control by researcher

Difficult to control (covert)

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10
Q

What is a controlled obs

A

Conducted in a controlled setting

Controls who to observe, participants often know they’re taking part

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11
Q

What is the strength of a controlled obs

A

More control over situation

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12
Q

What is a weakness of a controlled obs

A

Less real to life

Ps might change behaviour if controlled

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13
Q

What is a participant obs

A

Observers are part of the ps being observed

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14
Q

What is the strength of a participant obs

A

More detail
1st hand data
Less likely to miss a behaviour

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15
Q

What is the weakness of a participant obs

A

May be observer bias

Interpret behaviour how they want

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16
Q

What is a non-participant obs

A

Not part of the behaviour being observed

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17
Q

What is a overt obs

A

Open, ps know they’re being observed

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18
Q

What is a covert obs

A

Closed, ps don’t know they’re being observed

19
Q

What is behavioural categories

A

Categories/ checklists to observe during obs (structured)

20
Q

What is a coding frame

A

Categories are coded and can be rated for severity

21
Q

What is a observer effect

A

When the presence of an observer in an overt changed behaviour of ps

22
Q

What is time sampling

A

Observe for a period of time. Fixed time intervals

23
Q

What is event sampling

A

Recording behaviour every time it happens.

Watch the whole duration

24
Q

What is inter rater reliability

A

2+ observers watching same behaviour with sake categories

agreements over 80%

25
Q

What is a observer bias

A

Observer interprets data how they want too

26
Q

The strength of non participant obs

A

Less chance of observer bias

27
Q

Weakness of non participant obs

A

May miss certain behaviours as difficult to observe every behaviour

28
Q

Strengths of overt obs

A

Ethical- ps gave consent

29
Q

Weaknesses of overt obs

A

Demand characteristics

30
Q

Strength of covert obs

A

Won’t change behaviour

31
Q

Weakness of covert obs

A

Less ethical

Only in public place

32
Q

Strengths of behaviours categories

A

Gives researcher direction

33
Q

Weakness of behavioural categories

A

May restrict researcher

Only focus on listed behaviours

34
Q

Strengths of coding frames

A

Allows checklist to contain more detail

35
Q

Weakness of coding frames

A

May interpret behaviour differently

36
Q

Weakness of observer effects

A

Not measuring what they intend to as ps change behaviour

37
Q

Strengths of time sampling

A

Less likely to miss behaviours

Doesn’t have to stay focused for whole obs

38
Q

Weakness of time sampling

A

May miss a behaviour when not recording

39
Q

Strengths of event sampling

A

Less likely to miss a behaviour as recording everything

40
Q

Weakness of event sampling

A

May miss some behaviour if they happen at the same time

Difficult to keep track

41
Q

Strength of inter eager reliability

A

Can see if they have recorded data in a similar way

42
Q

Weakness of inter rater reliability

A

Time consuming

Another observer needed

43
Q

Weakness of observer bias

A

Less likely to message what they intend to (invalid)

Psychology (9 decks)

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