Observation

Question 1

What microbe can be seen with the naked eye

Answer 1

Protozoa

Question 2

Rod shape that both bacteria and archaea can form

Answer 2

Bacilli

Question 3

Circular shape that both bacteria and archaea can form

Answer 3

Cocci

Question 4

Corkscrew shape that is in a single radon of bacteria

Answer 4

Spirochetes

Question 5

Microbes include members of which of the following groups?

Answer 5

Bacteria, archaea, fungi and viruses

Question 6

Definition of resolution

Answer 6

The smallest distance between two objects that allows them to be distinguished

Question 7

Human eye resolution

Answer 7

Approx. 150 um

Question 8

How do light microscopes allow you to see the object?

Answer 8

Rely on absorption of light be target objects. Includes brightfield, darkfield, fluorescence and phase contrast. Samples can be alive

Question 9

Electron microscopes

Answer 9

Images are resolved via an electron field

Question 10

Types of electron microscopes

Answer 10

Scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope

Question 11

Atomic force microscopes

Answer 11

Map specimen topography, samples can be alive

Question 12

Bright field microscopy

Answer 12

Most common type of light microscopy. Can magnify a specimen by as much as 1,000x

Question 13

Cationic

Answer 13

Positively charged ion

Question 14

Anionic

Answer 14

Negatively charged ion

Question 15

Differential stains

Answer 15

Contain multiple stains that distinguish prokaryotes based on intrinsic structural differences

Question 16

Who invented gran reactivity staining

Answer 16

Hans Christian gram, a Dutch physician that saw staining targets structural differences in bacterial cell walls.

Question 17

What makes up a stain

Answer 17

Crystal violet, safranin, mordant , water and ethanol

Question 18

What is the structural basis for differentiation

Answer 18

Peptidoglycan

Question 19

Negative staining

Answer 19

India ink is excluded from the encapsulated bacteria

Question 20

Acid fast

Answer 20

Carbolfuchsin targets mycolic acids in special mycobacterium

Question 21

Spore stain

Answer 21

Malachite green binds to endpapers coat of spore forming bacteria

Question 22

According to the endosymbiosis hypothesis, the ancestors of chloroplasts are

Answer 22

Cyanobacteria

Question 23

A type of light microscopy that requires labeling of the specimen with a flourophore

Answer 23

Fluorescence microscopy

Question 24

Fluorophores gain energy from light absorption in the blank spectrum

Answer 24

UV. The energy is released as heat and light in the visible spectrum

Question 25

The specifier of a fluorophore is determined in part by

Answer 25

Chemical affinity, labeled antibodies and DNA hybridization

Question 26

Dark field

Answer 26

Excludes light around the specimen

Question 27

Phase contrast

Answer 27

Transforms intrinsic differences in the refractive index of the cell to difference in image brightness/ contrast

Question 28

Electron microscopy

Answer 28

Is used to yield high resolution images of whole cells and allows for imaging of endogenous structures. Magnification can exceed 1,000,000x. Specimens are fixed.

Question 29

Transmission electron microscopy

Answer 29

Beams of electrons are transmitted through a specimen

Question 30

Scanning electron microscopy

Answer 30

Electrons are scanned across the surface of a specimen to yield a 3 dimensional image