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Micro Flash Cards > Cell Structure And Function > Flashcards

Cell Structure And Function Flashcards

1
Q

What does the cell envelope consist of

A

Phospholipid membranes and a cell wall

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2
Q

In bacteria what is a chromosome condensed into

A

Nucleoid

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3
Q

Motile cells contain what?

A

Flagella

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4
Q

Waters percentage of total weight in bacteria

A

70

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5
Q

Inorganic ions percentage

A

0.1

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6
Q

Proteins percentage

A

16

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7
Q

RNA percentage

A

6

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8
Q

DNA percentage

A

1

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9
Q

What are most membrane lipids

A

Phospholipids

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10
Q

What attaches the heads to the tail of a lipid

A

Glycerol

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11
Q

What are the tails of a phospholipid

A

Fatty acid

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12
Q

Integral protein

A

Spans the phospholipid bilateral

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13
Q

Peripheral protein

A

Does not span the phospholipid bilayer

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14
Q

Unsaturated fatty acids

A

Increase membrane fluidity and improve function at low temperatures

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15
Q

Increased saturation

A

Improves function at high temperatures, decrease fluidity

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16
Q

Cyclization

A

Form rigid planar rings that decrease fluidity

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17
Q

Hopanoids

A

Pentacyclic lipids that modify bacterial membrane rigidity and fluidity in response to environmental stress. Absent in archaea

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18
Q

Archaea phospholipids

A

Glycerol is linked to branched terpenoid tails by ether bonds in place of ester bonds. Branching strengthen the membrane.

19
Q

Transport

A

Includes ions to establish proton motive force, biomolecules, virulence factors and signaling molecules.

20
Q

Structural support of proteins

A

Anchoring of membrane leaflets and other components of cell envelope, cytoskeleton, flagella and transport systems

21
Q

Signal transduction of proteins

A

Communication of exogenous stimuli to cytoplasm

22
Q

Diffusion

A

Passive transport of small uncharged molecules like oxygen

23
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

Passive transport of charged and large molecules like sugars and peptides

24
Q

Active transport

A

Transport or charged and large molecules like amino acids

25
Aquaporins
Transport water and small polar molecules
26
Facilitated transport
Moves molecules that are either too large or polar for unassisted diffusion. Uses the the concentration gradient from high to low
27
Coupled transport
Exchanging the free energy released from a high to low chemical gradient for the transport of a molecule against low to high its concentration gradient.
28
Types of couple transport
LacY permeate symporter and Na/H anitporter
29
Cell wall
Consists of a single interlinked biopolymer external to the cell membrane. It's not rigid, it's like a flexible mesh bag. Highly permeable to ions and organic molecules
30
Peptidoglycan
Most bacterial cell walls are made from it, a polymer of peptide linked amino sugars. Only found in bacteria. Cross linked parallel glycan chains
31
What does a peptidoglycan chain consist of
NAG, NAM and oligopeptide
32
Peptide cross bridges
D-ala and DAP. This is the oligopeptide extensions connected between each NAM
33
Antimicrobial chemotherapy
Structural components and the enzymes involved in its biosynthesis of peptidoglycan are targeted for this treatment
34
Cell envelope
Consists primarily of a peptidoglycan cell wall, the cell membrane and sometimes outer membrane
35
Teichoic acidic
Chains of phsiphodiester linked polymers of glycerol or ribitol.
36
Surface layer
Protects archaea from mechanical and osmotic stress. Highly permeable. Single layer of protein/ glycoproteins subunits covering the cell envelope. Anchored to cell membrane or pseudomurien. Bacteria have it as well, only gram positive
37
Pseudomurien
Functionally homologous to bacterial peptidoglycan. In archaea. B(1,3) attaches the NAG to the NAU
38
FtsZ
Am actin like protein that polymerizes around the circumference of the cell to form a ring( z ring), determines cell diameter and initiates cell division
39
Binary fission
Prokaryotic cell division
40
Thylakoids
Specialized intercellular membranes
41
Carboxyzomes
Proteinaceous cellular inclusions involved in CO2 fixation
42
Magnetisomes
Membrane embedded crystals of magnetite used for magnetitoxis
43
Pili
Hair like filaments projecting from the surface of the cell
44
Flagella are helical shaped filaments of polymerized protein attached to a membrane embedded multiprotien complex called a flagella motor
Motility and chemotaxis

Micro Flash Cards (4 decks)

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