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Micro Flash Cards > Cell Structure And Function > Flashcards

Cell Structure And Function Flashcards

1
Q

What does the cell envelope consist of

A

Phospholipid membranes and a cell wall

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2
Q

In bacteria what is a chromosome condensed into

A

Nucleoid

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3
Q

Motile cells contain what?

A

Flagella

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4
Q

Waters percentage of total weight in bacteria

A

70

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5
Q

Inorganic ions percentage

A

0.1

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6
Q

Proteins percentage

A

16

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7
Q

RNA percentage

A

6

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8
Q

DNA percentage

A

1

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9
Q

What are most membrane lipids

A

Phospholipids

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10
Q

What attaches the heads to the tail of a lipid

A

Glycerol

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11
Q

What are the tails of a phospholipid

A

Fatty acid

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12
Q

Integral protein

A

Spans the phospholipid bilateral

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13
Q

Peripheral protein

A

Does not span the phospholipid bilayer

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14
Q

Unsaturated fatty acids

A

Increase membrane fluidity and improve function at low temperatures

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15
Q

Increased saturation

A

Improves function at high temperatures, decrease fluidity

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16
Q

Cyclization

A

Form rigid planar rings that decrease fluidity

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17
Q

Hopanoids

A

Pentacyclic lipids that modify bacterial membrane rigidity and fluidity in response to environmental stress. Absent in archaea

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18
Q

Archaea phospholipids

A

Glycerol is linked to branched terpenoid tails by ether bonds in place of ester bonds. Branching strengthen the membrane.

19
Q

Transport

A

Includes ions to establish proton motive force, biomolecules, virulence factors and signaling molecules.

20
Q

Structural support of proteins

A

Anchoring of membrane leaflets and other components of cell envelope, cytoskeleton, flagella and transport systems

21
Q

Signal transduction of proteins

A

Communication of exogenous stimuli to cytoplasm

22
Q

Diffusion

A

Passive transport of small uncharged molecules like oxygen

23
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

Passive transport of charged and large molecules like sugars and peptides

24
Q

Active transport

A

Transport or charged and large molecules like amino acids

25
Q

Aquaporins

A

Transport water and small polar molecules

26
Q

Facilitated transport

A

Moves molecules that are either too large or polar for unassisted diffusion. Uses the the concentration gradient from high to low

27
Q

Coupled transport

A

Exchanging the free energy released from a high to low chemical gradient for the transport of a molecule against low to high its concentration gradient.

28
Q

Types of couple transport

A

LacY permeate symporter and Na/H anitporter

29
Q

Cell wall

A

Consists of a single interlinked biopolymer external to the cell membrane. It’s not rigid, it’s like a flexible mesh bag. Highly permeable to ions and organic molecules

30
Q

Peptidoglycan

A

Most bacterial cell walls are made from it, a polymer of peptide linked amino sugars. Only found in bacteria. Cross linked parallel glycan chains

31
Q

What does a peptidoglycan chain consist of

A

NAG, NAM and oligopeptide

32
Q

Peptide cross bridges

A

D-ala and DAP. This is the oligopeptide extensions connected between each NAM

33
Q

Antimicrobial chemotherapy

A

Structural components and the enzymes involved in its biosynthesis of peptidoglycan are targeted for this treatment

34
Q

Cell envelope

A

Consists primarily of a peptidoglycan cell wall, the cell membrane and sometimes outer membrane

35
Q

Teichoic acidic

A

Chains of phsiphodiester linked polymers of glycerol or ribitol.

36
Q

Surface layer

A

Protects archaea from mechanical and osmotic stress. Highly permeable. Single layer of protein/ glycoproteins subunits covering the cell envelope. Anchored to cell membrane or pseudomurien. Bacteria have it as well, only gram positive

37
Q

Pseudomurien

A

Functionally homologous to bacterial peptidoglycan. In archaea. B(1,3) attaches the NAG to the NAU

38
Q

FtsZ

A

Am actin like protein that polymerizes around the circumference of the cell to form a ring( z ring), determines cell diameter and initiates cell division

39
Q

Binary fission

A

Prokaryotic cell division

40
Q

Thylakoids

A

Specialized intercellular membranes

41
Q

Carboxyzomes

A

Proteinaceous cellular inclusions involved in CO2 fixation

42
Q

Magnetisomes

A

Membrane embedded crystals of magnetite used for magnetitoxis

43
Q

Pili

A

Hair like filaments projecting from the surface of the cell

44
Q

Flagella are helical shaped filaments of polymerized protein attached to a membrane embedded multiprotien complex called a flagella motor

A

Motility and chemotaxis

Micro Flash Cards (4 decks)

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