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Clinical Skills - Cardiorespiratory > Observation > Flashcards

Observation Flashcards

1
Q

What are you observing during an objective assessment?

A 
General appearance 
Position 
Chest 
Skin colour 
Abdomen 
Use of accessory muscles 
Nasal flaring 
Lines, drains etc 
Oxygen therapy 
Quality of voice
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2
Q

What are you looking for in general appearance?

A

Eyes
Hands
Mouth
Oedema

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3
Q

What are you looking for when observing the chest?

A

Shape
Work of breathing
Breathing pattern

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4
Q

What are you observing for skin colour?

A

Pale
Ruddy
Cyanosed

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5
Q

When observing the eyes in general appearance what type of thing are you looking for?

A

Pallor
Plethora
Jaundice
Oedema

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6
Q

What causes pallor?

A

Anaemia

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7
Q

What caused plethora?

A

High Hb

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8
Q

What causes jaundice?

A

Liver or blood disorders

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9
Q

What causes oedema?

A

Fluid retention

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10
Q

What are you looking for when observing the hands?

A 
Flapping tremor 
Fine tremor 
Wastage 
Clubbing 
Nicotine stains 
Cyanosis 
Temperature
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11
Q

What are the causes of clubbing?

A

Cardiac - congenital heart disease and bacterial endocarditis
Lung disease - infective, fibrotic and malignant

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12
Q

What are you observing for when looking at the mouth?

A

Dry/dehydrated
Hydrated
Cyanosis
Purse lip breathing

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13
Q

What positions are you observing for?

A

Slumped
Position of ease
Fixing

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14
Q

What are you observing for when looking at chest shape?

A 
Scoliosis 
Kyphosis 
Kyphoscoliosis 
Funnel chest 
Pigeon chest 
Hyperinflated
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15
Q

What are you looking for when observing the chest for work of breathing and shortness of breath?

A 
Needing to pause between sentences 
Able to talk in full sentences 
Position 
Purse lip breathing 
Accessory muscle use
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16
Q

What are you looking for when observing the chest wall movement?

A

Symmetrical
Pump handle
Bucket handle

17
Q

What are you looking for when observing breathing pattern?

A

Depth
Indrawing/recession of intercostal space
Tracheal tug
Asymmetry

18
Q

What does pale skin colour mean?

A

Anaemic

Low BP

19
Q

What does ruddy skin potentially mean?

A

Retaining CO2

Increased red blood cells

20
Q

What does cyanosed skin mean?

A

Lack of O2
Central
Peripheral

21
Q

How do you palpate the abdomen?

A

Recline posture
Apply a flat hand
Gently palpate the abdomen just below the rib cage?

22
Q

What are the muscles of inspiration?

A

Diaphragm

External intercostals

23
Q

What are the accessory muscles of inspiration?

A 
Scalenes 
Sternocleidomastoid 
Pectoralis minor and major 
Serratus anterior 
Latissimus Dorsi
24
Q

What are the muscles of expiration?

A

Passive elastic recoil of lungs

25
Q

What are the accessory muscles of expiration?

A 
Rectus Abdominis 
External obliques 
Internal obliques 
Transverse Abdominis 
Longissimus 
Quadratus Lumborum 
Serratus posterior inferior 
Lowest fibres of Iliocostalis
26
Q

What is nasal flaring?

A

Dilation of the nostrils

27
Q

What does nasal flaring do?

A

Attempt to decrease airway resistance

28
Q

What do you listen for in someone’s voice?

A

Volume
Audible sounds
Wet sounding
Talking in full sentences

29
Q

What can you palpate/notice on palpation?

A 
Abdomen 
Chest expansion 
Trachea 
Body temperature 
Scars 
Response to touch 
Surgical emphysema
30
Q

What does a distended abdomen limit?

A

Diaphragmatic movement

31
Q

How does limited diaphragmatic movement effect breathing?

A

Restricts lung volume

Increases work of breathing

32
Q

What is tactile fremitus?

A

Transmission of crackles felt on the outside of the chest wall?

33
Q

What does vocal fremitus measure?

A

Speech vibrations

34
Q

What is surgical emphysema a sign of?

A

Pneumothorax

35
Q

What are the exercise tolerance tests?

A 
6 min walk test 
Endurance shuttle walk test 
Stair climbing test 
Chair-stand test 
3 minute SWT
36
Q

What is on a chart?

A 
Blood pressure 
Heart rate 
Temperature 
Oxygen saturations 
Oxygen requirements 
Respiratory rate 
Weight 
AVPU
Fluid balance 
Urine output 
Medications
37
Q

What are additional things of a critical care chart?

A 
Mode of ventilation 
FiO2
Heart rhythm 
Pressure support/volume control 
Airway pressure 
Tidal volume 
PEEP
CVP
GCS
ABG’s
Blood chemistry

Clinical Skills - Cardiorespiratory (8 decks)

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