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Clinical Skills - Cardiorespiratory > Chest X-Rays > Flashcards

Chest X-Rays Flashcards

1
Q

How does gas show up on X-ray?

A

Black

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2
Q

How does fat show up on X-ray?

A

Grey

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3
Q

How does soft tissue show up on X-ray?

A

Grey

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4
Q

How does bone or metal show up on X-ray?

A

White

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5
Q

What to check before looking at the x-ray?

A 
Name and date 
Projection (AP? PA?)
Exposure 
Position 
Inspiration
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6
Q

What are some questions to ask?

A 
Who?
What?
When?
Why?
How?
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7
Q

What is the system to follow when looking at a x-ray?

A 
A - alignment 
B - bones 
C - cardiac 
D - diaphragms
E - expansion 
F - lung fields 
G - gadgets
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8
Q

What do you look at for alignment?

A

Look at the proximal ends of the clavicles in relation to the spinous process

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9
Q

What to look at when looking at bones on a x-ray?

A

Are they all there, in tact and in a normal position?

Don’t just look at the ribs

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10
Q

What to look at when looking at the heart on an x-ray?

A

Is there a clear heart border?
Is it a normal size?
Is there any evidence of shifting structures?

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11
Q

What to look for when looking at a diaphragm on an x-ray

A

Are both hemidiaphragms clearly visible

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12
Q

What to look for in terms of expansion on a x-ray

A

How well expanded is the chest

The 10th rib posteriorly should bisect the right hemidiaphragms at mid clavicular line and it’s 6th rib anteriorly

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13
Q

What to look for when looking at fields of the lung on a x-ray

A

Are the lung fields clear
Are there any areas where the density either increases or decreases
Can you see a lung edge
Can you see a fluid level
With a consolidation you will see increased opacity but with collapse you can see shifting of structures or crowding of lung markings

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14
Q

What gadgets to look for on a x-ray

A 
Drips 
Drains 
Tubes 
Lines 
Are they in or around the patient
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15
Q

What are common abnormalities on an x-ray?

A 
Consolidation 
Collapse 
Pneumothorax 
Pulmonary oedema 
Fracture
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16
Q

What is a lung consolidation?

A

Lung tissue becomes firm and solid because it has accumulated fluids and tissue debris

17
Q

What are the clinical features on x-ray of consolidation?

A

White/grey shadow, no loss of volume

18
Q

What does consolidation sound like on auscultation?

A

Increased breath sounds / bronchial breathing
Or
Decreased breath sounds with or without crackles or wheezes

19
Q

What are the main causes of consolidation?

A

Pneumonia
Chest infection
Lung contusion following trauma

20
Q

What is a collapsed lung?

A

Airless state of the lung tissue which may involve all or part of the lung

21
Q

What are the features of a collapsed lung on x-ray?

A

white/grey shadow with loss of volume and shifting of structures

22
Q

What does a collapsed lung sound like on auscultation?

A

Quiet breath sounds

Crackles

23
Q

What are the main causes of a collapsed lung?

A 
Shallow breathing 
Bronchial obstruction 
Absorption of trapped gas 
Surfactant depletion 
Compression from external pressure such as pleural disorder 
Abdominal or cardiac surgery
24
Q

What is a pleural effusion?

A

Excess fluid in the pleural cavity

25
Q

What does a pleural effusion look like on a x-ray?

A

White

Fluid line

26
Q

What does pleural effusion sound like on auscultation?

A

Quiet breath sounds over the pleural effusion with bronchial breathing above the fluid level

27
Q

What are the causes of a pleural effusion?

A 
T.B.
Pneumonia 
Abdominal or cardio thoracic surgery 
Heart, kidney or liver failure 
Malignancy 
Changes in membrane permeability
28
Q

What is a pneumothorax?

A

Air in the pleural space secondary to a rupture in either pleural layer

29
Q

What does a pneumothorax sound like auscultate?

A

Quiet over area of pneumothorax

30
Q

What are causes of a pneumothorax?

A

Fast growth
‘Blebs’
Trauma
Barotrauma with a high pressure positive pressure devices

31
Q

What is a pulmonary oedema?

A

Extra vascular water in the lungs

32
Q

What does a pulmonary oedema look like on a x-ray?

A

Bilateral fleecy opacities from the hila

33
Q

What are the causes of pulmonary oedemas?

A

Fluid overload
Back pressure from a failing left heart
Increased capillary permeability

Clinical Skills - Cardiorespiratory (8 decks)

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