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PT Exam - 3 > Objective Exam (1) - Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Objective Exam (1) - Musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

parts of objective exam

A

general guidelines

observation

palpation

exam of joint movement

resisted tests

neurological testing

special tests

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2
Q

which side is tested first

A

unless bilateral movements are required

the good side is tested first

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3
Q

why do we test the good side first

A

provides baseline data

shows the pt how to perform movement

gives us something to compare to

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4
Q

what movements are done first

A

active before passive

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5
Q

why do we check active before passive

A

gives us a baseline on muscle strength, ROM, willingness to move and coordination

helps locate sxs

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6
Q

what movements are done last

A

painful movements

to prevent overflow of pain to the next movement

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7
Q

why do we do painful movements last

A

dont want to irritate the pt’s sxs

make the pt feel more comfortable and relaxed

causing pain may affect other motions

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8
Q

what happens if AROM is not full

A

over pressure is applied

be careful as we must remember normal vlaues

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9
Q

what is AROM is full

A

over pressure is applied

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10
Q

if AROM is full

A

evaluate for end feel

if its full there is no need to do PROM

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11
Q

each active, passive or resisted isometric movement is

A

repeated several times

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12
Q

why are movements repeated several times

A

repetition may change sxs

ROM may increase

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13
Q

repetition may change sxs

A

either positively or negatively

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14
Q

how are resisted isometrics done

A

in neutral position

recommended testing position

place join in mid range

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15
Q

when doing passive or ligament laxity testing

A

look at the quantity of opening

look at quality of the opening at the joint

what do it feel like

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16
Q

what do we do during passive or ligament laxity testing

A

evaluating the amount of movement

evaluating the end feel

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17
Q

what point do we go to during ligamentous testing

A

up to the pint

not beyond

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18
Q

what happens if we go beyond the pain during ligamentous testing

A

may cause fiber damage

these tests must be passive with no muscle guarding

19
Q

at completion of the eval

A

warn the pt that they may experience an exacerbation of their sxs

reassure them that this is normal and sxs will resolve

20
Q

what should we tell the pt after completion of the eval

A

instruct them to manage their pain indefinitely

give them instructions or a HEP

21
Q

observation

A

begins the minute the pt walks into the clinic or you walk into their room

22
Q

what should we take note of during the observation

A

how the pt walks

posture

ease of difficulty in which they move

23
Q

what does the observation give us

A

info about what the effects of sxs have on their life

opportunity to look for inconsistencies

24
Q

ex of inconsistencies

A

pt may complain of excruciating, constant pain

yet moves with ease

25
Q

pts are…

A

innocent until proven guilty

26
Q

palpation

A

integ integrity

anthropometric characteristics

27
Q

what will palpation assist in

A

identifying the tissue at fault

can determine the extent of the tissue lesaion

28
Q

how should palpation be done

A

systematic fashion

start on the unaffected side

29
Q

what should we follow –> palpation

A

landmarks that are familiar and easy to location

30
Q

areas of tenderness –> palpation

A

may be areas of pathology

31
Q

what should we distinguish –> palpation

A

b/w different tissue textures

when tissue is inflamed –> it tends to get thicker

32
Q

what should we identify –> palpation

A

tissue types, shapes and structures

to detect abnormalities

difference b/w dermis, fascia, muscles and ligaments

33
Q

what may help determine the extent of an injury –> palpation

A

tissue thickness, induration and texture

34
Q

induration –> palpation

A

hardening/stiffening

35
Q

what should we feel for –> palpation

A

variations in temp

36
Q

cool temp –> palpation

A

may indicate nerve or vascular involvement

37
Q

heat –> palpation

A

may indicate infection or inflammation

38
Q

what should we palpate

A

pulses

muscular tremors

fasiculations

39
Q

what should we feel for on the skin –> palpation

A

dryness or moisture

40
Q

we should discriminate –> palpation

A

tissue tensions

41
Q

tissue tensions –> palpation

A

want to take the tissue to stretch –> then determine what is restricting it

what does it feel like

42
Q

how may the tissue feel in acute conditions –> palpation

A

sweaty and warm

43
Q

how may the tissue feel in a ligament injury –> palpation

A

exquisitely tender to touch

muscle layers may be swollen or hypertonic

44
Q

how may the tissue feel in a chronic condition

A

skin may feel cold and tight or “bound down” to underlying layers

ligs may feel thickened and muscle layers fibroses

PT Exam - 3 (20 decks)

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