Objective 2

Question 1

What are the three most common types of conjunctivitis?

Answer 1

Allergic, Bacterial and viral

Question 2

What is conjunctivitis commonly know as?

Answer 2

Pink eye

Question 3

What are symptoms of allergic conjunctivits?

Answer 3

Acute onset of bilateral itching, redness, tearing and lid edema, after exposure to some allergen. Usually settles within a few hours.

Question 4

Bilateral redness with sticky discharge. Glued-shut feeling upon waking. Usually starts in one eye and moves to the other.

Answer 4

Bacterial Conjunctivitis

Question 5

What is the viral type of conjunctivitis associated with an upper respiratory tract infection, cold or sore throat called?

Answer 5

Adenoviral Conjunctivitis (highly contagious, common outbreaks)

Question 6

What kind of conjunctivitis is characterized by giant cobblestone-shaped papillae on the superior tarsus of the upper lid?

Answer 6

Giant Papillary Conjunctivitis (GPC)

Question 7

Pinguecula and Pterygia are both non-malignant, slow-growing proflierations of the conjunctival connective tissue. Only one will cross the limbal border, which one?

Answer 7

Pterygia

Question 8

What is a fairly common condition presenting with unilateral redness and slight discomfort, has localized inflammation and often required no treatment?

Answer 8

Episcleritis

Question 9

What presents with extensive inflammation of the sclera, is associated with systemic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune conditions?

Answer 9

Scleritis ( a much more serious condition that episcleritis and not nearly as common)

Question 10

What is often caused by a sudden rise in venous pressure from extended bouts of coughing or sneezing or sudden straining?

Answer 10

Subconjunctival Hemorrhage (if binocular referral is necessary)

Question 11

What occurs as a result of a foreign material scratching and denuding the corneal epithelium, leaving corneal nerves exposed?

Answer 11

Corneal Abrassion

Question 12

What is the term used to define a wide variety of corneal infections and inflammations for which diagnosis and immediate medical treatment are necessary?

Answer 12

Keratitis

Question 13

Common symptoms of Keratitis are: fairly sudden onset of unilateral pain, redness, tearing , photophobia and blurred vision. Keratitis may lead to corneal ulceration and result in corneal perforations? True or False?

Answer 13

True

Question 14

What kind of keritis : wake up with eyelids stuck together, pain, light sensitive, redness, tearing and decreased vision. Makes the cornea cloudy. May also cause abscesses to develop in the stroma. Can be caused by wearing soft contacts over night.

Answer 14

Bacterial keritis (Bacterial keratitis can be caused by staphylococcus and pneumococcus. These types of ulcers typically are yellowish-white, oval pus formations surrounded by a relatively clear cornea otherwise. Pseudomonas ulcers appear irregular and have pus associated with discharge. )

Question 15

This is characterized by grayish-white ulceration with indistinct feathery margins and surrounding satellite lesions. This type of keratitis is frequently preceded by ocular trauma involving vegetable matter.

Answer 15

Fungal keratitis

Question 16

This condition is very painful and symptoms are often disproportionate to early clinical signs. It is a common source of infection in people who wear soft or rigid contact lenses.

Answer 16

Acanthamoeba Kerititis (can be found in tap water, soil and swimming pools and is more common in warm climates)

Question 17

Appears as fine, scattered areas of loss of corneal epithelial cells. The lesions are slightly elevated and usually look like tiny gray pinpoints in the epithelial layer of the cornea. People with the condition describe feeling as though there is a foreign body in the eye, accompanied by tearing and light sensitivity.

Answer 17

Superficial Punctate Keratitis (SPK)

Question 18

Actually a burn of the cornea caused by ultraviolet sun rays (UVB). It is also sometimes referred to as radiation keratitis or snow blindness. It can occur with excess exposure to sunlight, either directly or from reflection off snow or water, sun tanning lamps, tanning beds or from welding arcs. It is very painful condition and may occur several hours after exposure.

Answer 18

Photokeratitis

Question 19

The virus causes a classic appearing dendritic corneal ulcer. A dendritic ulcer has many fingers that look like the branches of a tree.

Answer 19

Herpes simplex keratitis

Question 20

Characterized by a band of brownish-stain in the anterior cornea caused by calcium salts being deposited in a band-like configuration. Dark areas of normal tissue which appear as holes may be present. This condition can be associated with systemic diseases.

Answer 20

Band Keratopathy

Question 21

Most common in older people and occurs after surgery, such as cataract removal. The swelling leads to the formation of fluid-filled blisters on the corneal epithelium. A condition that often concurs with this is stromal edema, which is caused by a compromise in the endothelial cell pump mechanism. Vision loss can be mild to severe and pain is associated with the blisters on the surface of the cornea.

Answer 21

Bullous Keratopathy

Question 22

The cornea progressively thins and becomes cone-shaped rather than round. Bowman’s layer and stromal isolated cells deteriorate, and Descemet’s membrane can rupture in very extreme cases. The conical shape of the cornea eventually causes large amounts of irregular corneal astigmatism which makes it impossible to correct the patient’s vision to 20/20 with glasses. It is easily reflected in the mires of keratometer readings, which appear distorted and unclear. Vision with rigid gas permeable contact lenses is often correctable to 20/20.

Answer 22

Keratoconus

Question 23

The cornea is completely avascular and has no direct blood supply. If the cornea does not receive adequate oxygen and nourishment, blood vessels will grow past the limbus into corneal tissue. It is usually associated with over-wear of contact lenses causing corneal hypoxia.

Answer 23

Neovascularization

Question 24

Patients present with a history of abrasion in the involved eye, sometimes months or years previously, and a chief complaint of recurrent episodes of ocular pain associated with a foreign body sensation, photophobia, decreased vision and/or excessive tearing. The symptoms almost always occur upon awakening or following vigorous rubbing of the affected eye. Characterized by repeated, spontaneous disruption of the corneal epithelium.

Answer 24

Recurrent Corneal Erosion

Question 25

Composed of deposits of calcium and cholesterol salts and appears as a gray-white ring at the edge of the cornea. It is a common effect of aging and is often seen in people older than 60, although it can occur at a younger age. It does not affect vision or otherwise cause symptoms; however, it can be associated with high blood serum levels of cholesterol and triglycerides.

Answer 25

Corneal arcus, also referred to as arcus senilis