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OBGYN > OBGYN 1 Final > Flashcards

OBGYN 1 Final Flashcards

1
Q

What is an indicator of an adequately filled bladder for a gyecologic exam

A

Delineation of the uterine fundus

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2
Q

What transducer frequency would image a slender patient

A

5.0 MHz

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3
Q

What transducer would be best for an obese patient

A

2.5 MHz curved linear

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4
Q

The reproductive system develops concurrent to the

A

Urinary system

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5
Q

What characteristic does the carneige stages of development use to stage an embryo

A

Morphology

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6
Q

In a patient with unilateral hematocolpos what organ system would be imaged

A

Renal

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7
Q

The pre-embryonic phase occurs during which portion of the gestation

A

Week 1-3

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8
Q

The germ cells migrate from the yolk sac to the embryo during carnegie stage 17 which corresponds to what week of gestation

A

6th

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9
Q

The embryonic kidneys develop from the

A

Mesonephros

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10
Q

Mullerian ducts are also known as

A

Paramesonephric ducts

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11
Q

The broad ligament is a transverse fold of the

A

Mesovarium

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12
Q

The lower vagina is formed by the

A

Urogenital sinus

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13
Q

The precursor to the penis and clitoris is the

A

Mons pubis

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14
Q

Define Hematometracolopos

A

Accumulation of menstrual blood in the uterus and vagina caused by either an imperforate hymen or other obstruction

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15
Q

What are paired embryonic tubes that run parallel to the mesonephric dutcs

A

Mullerian ducts

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16
Q

Result of one normal and the failure of the Mullerian duct to form

A

Uterus unicornis

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17
Q

What is a class 2 Mullerian duct anomaly

A

Unicornuate uterus

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18
Q

What is the sonographic appearance in a patient with an intact hymen

A

Hematocolpos or hematometrocolpos

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19
Q

A pregnancy in 1 uterus with a decidual reaction in a second uterus describes what congenial malformation

A

Didelphic uterus

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20
Q

What describes posterior tilting of the uterus

A

Retroverted

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21
Q

Painful menstruation

A

Dysmenorrhea

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22
Q

Secretes progesterone

A

Corpus luteum

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23
Q

Hormone responsible for female sexual characteristics

A

Estrogen

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24
Q

Extends from the ovarian upper pole

A

Suspensory ligament

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25
Q

Inner uterine lining

A

Endometrium

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26
Q

Distal end of the fallopian tube

A

Infundibulum

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27
Q

Allows for communication between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland

A

Hypophyseal portal system

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28
Q

Secreted from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

A

FSH

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29
Q

Ovarian phase which begins with a surge of LH and FSH levels, usually occuring on day 14 of the menstrual cycle

A

Ovulatory

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30
Q

Which endocrine glands provide negative feedback to reduce GnRH, LH, FSH production

A

Ovary

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31
Q

Hormones that stimulate the anterior pituitary gland to secrete GnRH

A

LH and FSH

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32
Q

What hormone resumes with a decrease in estrogen and positive feedback loop

A

GnRH

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33
Q

Endocrine response to rising estrogen levels

A

LH surge trigger

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34
Q

Only present in the pregnant women

A

Estriol

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35
Q

Function of the luteinizing hormone

A

Ovulation of the dominant follicle

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36
Q

What phase of the ovarian cycle correlates to ovulation and mittelschmerz

A

Ovulatory

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37
Q

What produces progesterone and estrogen early in pregnancy

A

Corpus luteum

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38
Q

What is the potential space located between the uterus and rectum

A

Posterior cul-de-sac

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39
Q

What is the process the follicle undergoes if it fails to mature

A

Follicular atresia

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40
Q

What is the imaginary line that seperates the true and false pelvis

A

Linear terminalis

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41
Q

What is the structure between the arrows

A

Iliopsoas

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42
Q

What is the organ found in the false pelvis

A

Ileum

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43
Q

What muscle is located in the true pelvis

A

Piriformis

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44
Q

Which variant has the uterus tipping toward the abdominal wall

A

Anteverted

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45
Q

What technical parameter increases image detail during the endovaginal exam

A

Reduce the sector width

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46
Q

Anatomy labeled C

A

Cervix

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47
Q

Physics process occurring between the solid arrows

A

Shadowing

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48
Q

Anatomy between the arrows

A

Endometrium

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49
Q

What term describes the uterus

A

Retroflexed

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50
Q

Anatomy labeled B

A

Fallopian tube

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51
Q

Anatomy labeled A

A

Bowel

52
Q

Inner layer of the bladder

A

Mucosa

53
Q

In the normal bladder echogenic urine indicates which technical error

A

High overall gain

54
Q

Transitional portion of the uterus

A

Isthmus

55
Q

Which ligament has the ovaries attached on the posterior portion

A

Broad ligament

56
Q

Which ligament anchors the lateral pole of the ovary

A

Infundibulopelvic ligament

57
Q

Which vessel provides a landmark for finding the ovaries

A

Iliac vessels

58
Q

Identify the uterine vasculature indiciated by A

A

Radial Arteries

59
Q

What vessel drains directly into the left renal vein

A

IVC

60
Q

The term describing the increase in adrenal gland activity seen at the onset of puberty

A

Adrenarche

61
Q

Where does a rhabdomyosarcoma develop

A

In striated or skeletal muscle

62
Q

What results in an individual with an X and O chromosome

A

Turner syndrome

63
Q

Identify the method that decreases image motion

A

Decrease sector size

64
Q

What is the appropriate size of an ovary in menstruating 14 year old

A

9.8 cm 3

65
Q

Select the sonographic findings for an ovarian malginancy

A

Cystic with multiple septations

66
Q

Formula used to calculate ovarian volume

A

L X W X H X 0.523

67
Q

What is the most common malignant lesion of the vagina in the pediatric patient

A

Rhabdomyosarcoma

68
Q

Select the increase lab finding that corresponds to PID

A

WBC

69
Q

Which of the following describes hydrometra in the pediatric patient

A

Anechoic fluid collection within the uterus

70
Q

Which pathology demonstrates prominent arterial flow

A

Dysgerminoma

71
Q

Describes the surgical removal of adhesions or scar tissue

A

Adhesiolysis

72
Q

Describes failure of a woman to ovulate

A

Anovulation

73
Q

Definition for a blood filled ovarian cyst resulting from endometrial implants

A

Endometrioma

74
Q

Fluid filled mass located in the cervical canal

A

Nabothian cyst

75
Q

Focal area of decreased echogenicity within myometrium m

A

Leiomyoma

76
Q

Physiologic ovarian cyst

A

Theca lutein

77
Q

Acquired condition associated with polycystic ovaries

A

Cushing syndrome

78
Q

Most common benign ovarian neoplasm

A

Cystic teratoma

79
Q

Sonographic appearance of the endometrium in the patient with Asherman syndrome

A

Hypoechoic bride like bands

80
Q

Sonographic description for a leiomyom

A

Whorled internal archictecture of a mass

81
Q

Least common gynecologic malignancy

A

Fallopian tube carcinoma

82
Q

Risk factor associated with endometrial cancer

A

Unopposed estrogen

83
Q

Tamoxaphin therapy for breast cancer raises the risk of

A

Leiomyosarcoma development

84
Q

Used to help stage endometrial carcinoma

A

Involvement of the cervix

85
Q

Differential for sonographic findings of hydrosalpinx in a 50 year old female patient

A

Fallopian tube carcinoma

86
Q

Rapid increase in a uterine mass in a 30 year old woman raises suspicion for

A

Leiomyosarcoma

87
Q

Postcoital bleeding is a symptom of

A

Cervical cancer

88
Q

What type of uterine malformation results in DES users

A

T shaped

89
Q

Karyoptype seen with a partial mole

A

69XXX

90
Q

The extensive chorionic villi invasion is characteristic of an

A

Invasive mole

91
Q

Ovarian cyst that occurs in 1/4th of patient with placenal trophoblastic disease

A

Theca lutein

92
Q

Drug that increases the risk of endometrial cancer

A

Tamoxifen

93
Q

Sonographic finding for uterine sarcomas

A

Rapidly growing heterogenous mass

94
Q

Tumor marker for colon, stomach, breast, or ovarian carcinoma

A

CEA

95
Q

Malignant ovarian tumor that is result of metastasis to the ovary

A

Krukenberg tumor

96
Q

Pseudomyxoma peritonei

A

Mucinous material accumulation within the peritoneal cavity

97
Q

Increases a womans risk for developing ovarian cancer

A

15 year history of post menopausal estrogen therapy

98
Q

Ovarian volume seen in the postmenopausal woman not using hormones

A

5.8 cm 3

99
Q

Which neoplasm is associated with gonadal dysgensisi

A

Dysgerminoma

100
Q

Least common malignant ovarian cancer

A

Androblastoma

101
Q

FIGO stage for cancer limited to one ovary capsule intact and free of tumor, no ascites, and negative peritoneal cytology

A

IA

102
Q

TNM stage for cancer with growth beyond the pelvis, retroperitoneal or ignual nodes of intraperitoneal omental implants and superficial liver metastasis

A

T3

103
Q

Structure identified by solid arrows

A

Dermoid

104
Q

Which form of ovarian cancer demonstrates prominent color doppler flow in septations

A

Epithelial

105
Q

Pain menstruation

A

Dysmenorrhea

106
Q

Implantation of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus

A

Endometriosis

107
Q

Infection of the fallopian tube

A

Salpingitis

108
Q

Complication of PID

A

Pyosalpinx

109
Q

Complication of endometriosis

A

Endometrioma

110
Q

What area becomes infected with stage 2 PID

A

Salpingitis

111
Q

Clinical presentation of PiD

A

Cervical motion tenderness

112
Q

Etiology for PID

A

Ascending infection

113
Q

Describes the presence of ectopic endometrial tissue

A

Endometriosis

114
Q

How does the fallopian tube image in a patient with stage 2 PID

A

Hypoechoic with a cogwheel appearance

115
Q

How do the fallopian tube and ovary image wiht acute tubo ovarian complex

A

Ill defined with a large adhered ovary

116
Q

Sonographic signs of endometriosis

A

Discrete adnexal mass with peripheral doppler flow

117
Q

A 35 year old woman presents with an acute onset of pain with bloating and a palpable mass. During the sonographic examination a unilocular mass with low level debris and thin wall is observed. What is the most likely differential for these findings

A

Serous cystadenoma

118
Q

An 8 year old presents to the ED with a history of early onset puberty, increasing abdominal girth, breast tenderness, and right sided pain. During the sonographic exam, a unilateral, multiloculated 8 cm ass with low level internal echoes images. What is the most likely differential for these findings

A

Granulosa cell tumor

119
Q

A patient with a recent transplant complains of pressure and urinary frequency. Sonographic imaging demonstrates a septated well defined mass lateral to the bladder. What is the most likley cause for this finding

A

Lymphocele

120
Q

A 37 year old patient presents with complaints of a sudden onset of left lower pain, nausea, and vomitting. Her clinician palpated a large mass on the left side. The sonographic exam revealed a large hyperechoic ovary. What step should the sonographer take to aid in diagnosis

A

Check for flow with doppler

121
Q

A 16 year old presents with complaints of a sudden onset of right lower pain, nausea, and vomiting. Her clinician palpated a large mass on the right side without rebound tenderness. The sonographic exam revealed a large ovary with dilated vessels and fluid in the posterior cul-de-sac. A color doppler study revealed lack of flow in the right ovary. What is the most likely cause of this finding

A

Ovarian torsion

122
Q

An 18 year old presents to the department with complaints of intermittent left lower quadrant pain. Though she has not missed any periods, her clinician ran a pregnancy test came up positive. The sonographic exam revealed a solid mass with calcifications and multiple small cysts in the left side apart from the uterus. What is the most likely cause for these findings

A

Immature teratoma

123
Q

During the sonographic exam an anechoic tubular structure images to the left of the uterus. What is most likely differntial for this finding

A

Hydrosalpinx

124
Q

A 26 year old patient presents to the ED with complains of urinary pain without a bladder infection and painful periods. She has chronic pain that varies in intensity during her cycle. The transverse endovaginal image demonstrates bilateral contralateral masses

A

Endometriosis

125
Q

A 40 year old woman presents with complaints of an enlarged tender uterus with abnormal bleeding. She has pregnancy history of G4P3A1. After viewing the image what is the most likely differntial for the patient symptoms and sonographic findings

A

Adenomyosis

OBGYN (13 decks)

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