OBGYN 1 Final Flashcards
1
Q
What is an indicator of an adequately filled bladder for a gyecologic exam
A
Delineation of the uterine fundus
2
Q
What transducer frequency would image a slender patient
A
5.0 MHz
3
Q
What transducer would be best for an obese patient
A
2.5 MHz curved linear
4
Q
The reproductive system develops concurrent to the
A
Urinary system
5
Q
What characteristic does the carneige stages of development use to stage an embryo
A
Morphology
6
Q
In a patient with unilateral hematocolpos what organ system would be imaged
A
Renal
7
Q
The pre-embryonic phase occurs during which portion of the gestation
A
Week 1-3
8
Q
The germ cells migrate from the yolk sac to the embryo during carnegie stage 17 which corresponds to what week of gestation
A
6th
9
Q
The embryonic kidneys develop from the
A
Mesonephros
10
Q
Mullerian ducts are also known as
A
Paramesonephric ducts
11
Q
The broad ligament is a transverse fold of the
A
Mesovarium
12
Q
The lower vagina is formed by the
A
Urogenital sinus
13
Q
The precursor to the penis and clitoris is the
A
Mons pubis
14
Q
Define Hematometracolopos
A
Accumulation of menstrual blood in the uterus and vagina caused by either an imperforate hymen or other obstruction
15
Q
What are paired embryonic tubes that run parallel to the mesonephric dutcs
A
Mullerian ducts
16
Q
Result of one normal and the failure of the Mullerian duct to form
A
Uterus unicornis
17
Q
What is a class 2 Mullerian duct anomaly
A
Unicornuate uterus
18
Q
What is the sonographic appearance in a patient with an intact hymen
A
Hematocolpos or hematometrocolpos
19
Q
A pregnancy in 1 uterus with a decidual reaction in a second uterus describes what congenial malformation
A
Didelphic uterus
20
Q
What describes posterior tilting of the uterus
A
Retroverted
21
Q
Painful menstruation
A
Dysmenorrhea
22
Q
Secretes progesterone
A
Corpus luteum
23
Q
Hormone responsible for female sexual characteristics
A
Estrogen
24
Q
Extends from the ovarian upper pole
A
Suspensory ligament
25
Inner uterine lining
Endometrium
26
Distal end of the fallopian tube
Infundibulum
27
Allows for communication between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland
Hypophyseal portal system
28
Secreted from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
FSH
29
Ovarian phase which begins with a surge of LH and FSH levels, usually occuring on day 14 of the menstrual cycle
Ovulatory
30
Which endocrine glands provide negative feedback to reduce GnRH, LH, FSH production
Ovary
31
Hormones that stimulate the anterior pituitary gland to secrete GnRH
LH and FSH
32
What hormone resumes with a decrease in estrogen and positive feedback loop
GnRH
33
Endocrine response to rising estrogen levels
LH surge trigger
34
Only present in the pregnant women
Estriol
35
Function of the luteinizing hormone
Ovulation of the dominant follicle
36
What phase of the ovarian cycle correlates to ovulation and mittelschmerz
Ovulatory
37
What produces progesterone and estrogen early in pregnancy
Corpus luteum
38
What is the potential space located between the uterus and rectum
Posterior cul-de-sac
39
What is the process the follicle undergoes if it fails to mature
Follicular atresia
40
What is the imaginary line that seperates the true and false pelvis
Linear terminalis
41
What is the structure between the arrows
Iliopsoas
42
What is the organ found in the false pelvis
Ileum
43
What muscle is located in the true pelvis
Piriformis
44
Which variant has the uterus tipping toward the abdominal wall
Anteverted
45
What technical parameter increases image detail during the endovaginal exam
Reduce the sector width
46
Anatomy labeled C
Cervix
47
Physics process occurring between the solid arrows
Shadowing
48
Anatomy between the arrows
Endometrium
49
What term describes the uterus
Retroflexed
50
Anatomy labeled B
Fallopian tube
51
Anatomy labeled A
Bowel
52
Inner layer of the bladder
Mucosa
53
In the normal bladder echogenic urine indicates which technical error
High overall gain
54
Transitional portion of the uterus
Isthmus
55
Which ligament has the ovaries attached on the posterior portion
Broad ligament
56
Which ligament anchors the lateral pole of the ovary
Infundibulopelvic ligament
57
Which vessel provides a landmark for finding the ovaries
Iliac vessels
58
Identify the uterine vasculature indiciated by A
Radial Arteries
59
What vessel drains directly into the left renal vein
IVC
60
The term describing the increase in adrenal gland activity seen at the onset of puberty
Adrenarche
61
Where does a rhabdomyosarcoma develop
In striated or skeletal muscle
62
What results in an individual with an X and O chromosome
Turner syndrome
63
Identify the method that decreases image motion
Decrease sector size
64
What is the appropriate size of an ovary in menstruating 14 year old
9.8 cm 3
65
Select the sonographic findings for an ovarian malginancy
Cystic with multiple septations
66
Formula used to calculate ovarian volume
L X W X H X 0.523
67
What is the most common malignant lesion of the vagina in the pediatric patient
Rhabdomyosarcoma
68
Select the increase lab finding that corresponds to PID
WBC
69
Which of the following describes hydrometra in the pediatric patient
Anechoic fluid collection within the uterus
70
Which pathology demonstrates prominent arterial flow
Dysgerminoma
71
Describes the surgical removal of adhesions or scar tissue
Adhesiolysis
72
Describes failure of a woman to ovulate
Anovulation
73
Definition for a blood filled ovarian cyst resulting from endometrial implants
Endometrioma
74
Fluid filled mass located in the cervical canal
Nabothian cyst
75
Focal area of decreased echogenicity within myometrium m
Leiomyoma
76
Physiologic ovarian cyst
Theca lutein
77
Acquired condition associated with polycystic ovaries
Cushing syndrome
78
Most common benign ovarian neoplasm
Cystic teratoma
79
Sonographic appearance of the endometrium in the patient with Asherman syndrome
Hypoechoic bride like bands
80
Sonographic description for a leiomyom
Whorled internal archictecture of a mass
81
Least common gynecologic malignancy
Fallopian tube carcinoma
82
Risk factor associated with endometrial cancer
Unopposed estrogen
83
Tamoxaphin therapy for breast cancer raises the risk of
Leiomyosarcoma development
84
Used to help stage endometrial carcinoma
Involvement of the cervix
85
Differential for sonographic findings of hydrosalpinx in a 50 year old female patient
Fallopian tube carcinoma
86
Rapid increase in a uterine mass in a 30 year old woman raises suspicion for
Leiomyosarcoma
87
Postcoital bleeding is a symptom of
Cervical cancer
88
What type of uterine malformation results in DES users
T shaped
89
Karyoptype seen with a partial mole
69XXX
90
The extensive chorionic villi invasion is characteristic of an
Invasive mole
91
Ovarian cyst that occurs in 1/4th of patient with placenal trophoblastic disease
Theca lutein
92
Drug that increases the risk of endometrial cancer
Tamoxifen
93
Sonographic finding for uterine sarcomas
Rapidly growing heterogenous mass
94
Tumor marker for colon, stomach, breast, or ovarian carcinoma
CEA
95
Malignant ovarian tumor that is result of metastasis to the ovary
Krukenberg tumor
96
Pseudomyxoma peritonei
Mucinous material accumulation within the peritoneal cavity
97
Increases a womans risk for developing ovarian cancer
15 year history of post menopausal estrogen therapy
98
Ovarian volume seen in the postmenopausal woman not using hormones
5.8 cm 3
99
Which neoplasm is associated with gonadal dysgensisi
Dysgerminoma
100
Least common malignant ovarian cancer
Androblastoma
101
FIGO stage for cancer limited to one ovary capsule intact and free of tumor, no ascites, and negative peritoneal cytology
IA
102
TNM stage for cancer with growth beyond the pelvis, retroperitoneal or ignual nodes of intraperitoneal omental implants and superficial liver metastasis
T3
103
Structure identified by solid arrows
Dermoid
104
Which form of ovarian cancer demonstrates prominent color doppler flow in septations
Epithelial
105
Pain menstruation
Dysmenorrhea
106
Implantation of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus
Endometriosis
107
Infection of the fallopian tube
Salpingitis
108
Complication of PID
Pyosalpinx
109
Complication of endometriosis
Endometrioma
110
What area becomes infected with stage 2 PID
Salpingitis
111
Clinical presentation of PiD
Cervical motion tenderness
112
Etiology for PID
Ascending infection
113
Describes the presence of ectopic endometrial tissue
Endometriosis
114
How does the fallopian tube image in a patient with stage 2 PID
Hypoechoic with a cogwheel appearance
115
How do the fallopian tube and ovary image wiht acute tubo ovarian complex
Ill defined with a large adhered ovary
116
Sonographic signs of endometriosis
Discrete adnexal mass with peripheral doppler flow
117
A 35 year old woman presents with an acute onset of pain with bloating and a palpable mass. During the sonographic examination a unilocular mass with low level debris and thin wall is observed. What is the most likely differential for these findings
Serous cystadenoma
118
An 8 year old presents to the ED with a history of early onset puberty, increasing abdominal girth, breast tenderness, and right sided pain. During the sonographic exam, a unilateral, multiloculated 8 cm ass with low level internal echoes images. What is the most likely differential for these findings
Granulosa cell tumor
119
A patient with a recent transplant complains of pressure and urinary frequency. Sonographic imaging demonstrates a septated well defined mass lateral to the bladder. What is the most likley cause for this finding
Lymphocele
120
A 37 year old patient presents with complaints of a sudden onset of left lower pain, nausea, and vomitting. Her clinician palpated a large mass on the left side. The sonographic exam revealed a large hyperechoic ovary. What step should the sonographer take to aid in diagnosis
Check for flow with doppler
121
A 16 year old presents with complaints of a sudden onset of right lower pain, nausea, and vomiting. Her clinician palpated a large mass on the right side without rebound tenderness. The sonographic exam revealed a large ovary with dilated vessels and fluid in the posterior cul-de-sac. A color doppler study revealed lack of flow in the right ovary. What is the most likely cause of this finding
Ovarian torsion
122
An 18 year old presents to the department with complaints of intermittent left lower quadrant pain. Though she has not missed any periods, her clinician ran a pregnancy test came up positive. The sonographic exam revealed a solid mass with calcifications and multiple small cysts in the left side apart from the uterus. What is the most likely cause for these findings
Immature teratoma
123
During the sonographic exam an anechoic tubular structure images to the left of the uterus. What is most likely differntial for this finding
Hydrosalpinx
124
A 26 year old patient presents to the ED with complains of urinary pain without a bladder infection and painful periods. She has chronic pain that varies in intensity during her cycle. The transverse endovaginal image demonstrates bilateral contralateral masses
Endometriosis
125
A 40 year old woman presents with complaints of an enlarged tender uterus with abnormal bleeding. She has pregnancy history of G4P3A1. After viewing the image what is the most likely differntial for the patient symptoms and sonographic findings
Adenomyosis
