OBGYN 1 Final Flashcards
What is an indicator of an adequately filled bladder for a gyecologic exam
Delineation of the uterine fundus
What transducer frequency would image a slender patient
5.0 MHz
What transducer would be best for an obese patient
2.5 MHz curved linear
The reproductive system develops concurrent to the
Urinary system
What characteristic does the carneige stages of development use to stage an embryo
Morphology
In a patient with unilateral hematocolpos what organ system would be imaged
Renal
The pre-embryonic phase occurs during which portion of the gestation
Week 1-3
The germ cells migrate from the yolk sac to the embryo during carnegie stage 17 which corresponds to what week of gestation
6th
The embryonic kidneys develop from the
Mesonephros
Mullerian ducts are also known as
Paramesonephric ducts
The broad ligament is a transverse fold of the
Mesovarium
The lower vagina is formed by the
Urogenital sinus
The precursor to the penis and clitoris is the
Mons pubis
Define Hematometracolopos
Accumulation of menstrual blood in the uterus and vagina caused by either an imperforate hymen or other obstruction
What are paired embryonic tubes that run parallel to the mesonephric dutcs
Mullerian ducts
Result of one normal and the failure of the Mullerian duct to form
Uterus unicornis
What is a class 2 Mullerian duct anomaly
Unicornuate uterus
What is the sonographic appearance in a patient with an intact hymen
Hematocolpos or hematometrocolpos
A pregnancy in 1 uterus with a decidual reaction in a second uterus describes what congenial malformation
Didelphic uterus
What describes posterior tilting of the uterus
Retroverted
Painful menstruation
Dysmenorrhea
Secretes progesterone
Corpus luteum
Hormone responsible for female sexual characteristics
Estrogen
Extends from the ovarian upper pole
Suspensory ligament
Inner uterine lining
Endometrium
Distal end of the fallopian tube
Infundibulum
Allows for communication between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland
Hypophyseal portal system
Secreted from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
FSH
Ovarian phase which begins with a surge of LH and FSH levels, usually occuring on day 14 of the menstrual cycle
Ovulatory
Which endocrine glands provide negative feedback to reduce GnRH, LH, FSH production
Ovary
Hormones that stimulate the anterior pituitary gland to secrete GnRH
LH and FSH
What hormone resumes with a decrease in estrogen and positive feedback loop
GnRH
Endocrine response to rising estrogen levels
LH surge trigger
Only present in the pregnant women
Estriol
Function of the luteinizing hormone
Ovulation of the dominant follicle
What phase of the ovarian cycle correlates to ovulation and mittelschmerz
Ovulatory
What produces progesterone and estrogen early in pregnancy
Corpus luteum
What is the potential space located between the uterus and rectum
Posterior cul-de-sac
What is the process the follicle undergoes if it fails to mature
Follicular atresia
What is the imaginary line that seperates the true and false pelvis
Linear terminalis
What is the structure between the arrows
Iliopsoas
What is the organ found in the false pelvis
Ileum
What muscle is located in the true pelvis
Piriformis
Which variant has the uterus tipping toward the abdominal wall
Anteverted
What technical parameter increases image detail during the endovaginal exam
Reduce the sector width
Anatomy labeled C
Cervix
Physics process occurring between the solid arrows
Shadowing
Anatomy between the arrows
Endometrium
What term describes the uterus
Retroflexed
Anatomy labeled B
Fallopian tube
Anatomy labeled A
Bowel
Inner layer of the bladder
Mucosa
In the normal bladder echogenic urine indicates which technical error
High overall gain
Transitional portion of the uterus
Isthmus
Which ligament has the ovaries attached on the posterior portion
Broad ligament
Which ligament anchors the lateral pole of the ovary
Infundibulopelvic ligament
Which vessel provides a landmark for finding the ovaries
Iliac vessels
Identify the uterine vasculature indiciated by A
Radial Arteries
What vessel drains directly into the left renal vein
IVC
The term describing the increase in adrenal gland activity seen at the onset of puberty
Adrenarche
Where does a rhabdomyosarcoma develop
In striated or skeletal muscle
What results in an individual with an X and O chromosome
Turner syndrome
Identify the method that decreases image motion
Decrease sector size
What is the appropriate size of an ovary in menstruating 14 year old
9.8 cm 3
Select the sonographic findings for an ovarian malginancy
Cystic with multiple septations
Formula used to calculate ovarian volume
L X W X H X 0.523
What is the most common malignant lesion of the vagina in the pediatric patient
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Select the increase lab finding that corresponds to PID
WBC
Which of the following describes hydrometra in the pediatric patient
Anechoic fluid collection within the uterus
Which pathology demonstrates prominent arterial flow
Dysgerminoma
Describes the surgical removal of adhesions or scar tissue
Adhesiolysis
Describes failure of a woman to ovulate
Anovulation
Definition for a blood filled ovarian cyst resulting from endometrial implants
Endometrioma
Fluid filled mass located in the cervical canal
Nabothian cyst
Focal area of decreased echogenicity within myometrium m
Leiomyoma
Physiologic ovarian cyst
Theca lutein
Acquired condition associated with polycystic ovaries
Cushing syndrome
Most common benign ovarian neoplasm
Cystic teratoma
Sonographic appearance of the endometrium in the patient with Asherman syndrome
Hypoechoic bride like bands
Sonographic description for a leiomyom
Whorled internal archictecture of a mass
Least common gynecologic malignancy
Fallopian tube carcinoma
Risk factor associated with endometrial cancer
Unopposed estrogen
Tamoxaphin therapy for breast cancer raises the risk of
Leiomyosarcoma development
Used to help stage endometrial carcinoma
Involvement of the cervix
Differential for sonographic findings of hydrosalpinx in a 50 year old female patient
Fallopian tube carcinoma
Rapid increase in a uterine mass in a 30 year old woman raises suspicion for
Leiomyosarcoma
Postcoital bleeding is a symptom of
Cervical cancer
What type of uterine malformation results in DES users
T shaped
Karyoptype seen with a partial mole
69XXX
The extensive chorionic villi invasion is characteristic of an
Invasive mole
Ovarian cyst that occurs in 1/4th of patient with placenal trophoblastic disease
Theca lutein
Drug that increases the risk of endometrial cancer
Tamoxifen
Sonographic finding for uterine sarcomas
Rapidly growing heterogenous mass
Tumor marker for colon, stomach, breast, or ovarian carcinoma
CEA
Malignant ovarian tumor that is result of metastasis to the ovary
Krukenberg tumor
Pseudomyxoma peritonei
Mucinous material accumulation within the peritoneal cavity
Increases a womans risk for developing ovarian cancer
15 year history of post menopausal estrogen therapy
Ovarian volume seen in the postmenopausal woman not using hormones
5.8 cm 3
Which neoplasm is associated with gonadal dysgensisi
Dysgerminoma
Least common malignant ovarian cancer
Androblastoma
FIGO stage for cancer limited to one ovary capsule intact and free of tumor, no ascites, and negative peritoneal cytology
IA
TNM stage for cancer with growth beyond the pelvis, retroperitoneal or ignual nodes of intraperitoneal omental implants and superficial liver metastasis
T3
Structure identified by solid arrows
Dermoid
Which form of ovarian cancer demonstrates prominent color doppler flow in septations
Epithelial
Pain menstruation
Dysmenorrhea
Implantation of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus
Endometriosis
Infection of the fallopian tube
Salpingitis
Complication of PID
Pyosalpinx
Complication of endometriosis
Endometrioma
What area becomes infected with stage 2 PID
Salpingitis
Clinical presentation of PiD
Cervical motion tenderness
Etiology for PID
Ascending infection
Describes the presence of ectopic endometrial tissue
Endometriosis
How does the fallopian tube image in a patient with stage 2 PID
Hypoechoic with a cogwheel appearance
How do the fallopian tube and ovary image wiht acute tubo ovarian complex
Ill defined with a large adhered ovary
Sonographic signs of endometriosis
Discrete adnexal mass with peripheral doppler flow
A 35 year old woman presents with an acute onset of pain with bloating and a palpable mass. During the sonographic examination a unilocular mass with low level debris and thin wall is observed. What is the most likely differential for these findings
Serous cystadenoma
An 8 year old presents to the ED with a history of early onset puberty, increasing abdominal girth, breast tenderness, and right sided pain. During the sonographic exam, a unilateral, multiloculated 8 cm ass with low level internal echoes images. What is the most likely differential for these findings
Granulosa cell tumor
A patient with a recent transplant complains of pressure and urinary frequency. Sonographic imaging demonstrates a septated well defined mass lateral to the bladder. What is the most likley cause for this finding
Lymphocele
A 37 year old patient presents with complaints of a sudden onset of left lower pain, nausea, and vomitting. Her clinician palpated a large mass on the left side. The sonographic exam revealed a large hyperechoic ovary. What step should the sonographer take to aid in diagnosis
Check for flow with doppler
A 16 year old presents with complaints of a sudden onset of right lower pain, nausea, and vomiting. Her clinician palpated a large mass on the right side without rebound tenderness. The sonographic exam revealed a large ovary with dilated vessels and fluid in the posterior cul-de-sac. A color doppler study revealed lack of flow in the right ovary. What is the most likely cause of this finding
Ovarian torsion
An 18 year old presents to the department with complaints of intermittent left lower quadrant pain. Though she has not missed any periods, her clinician ran a pregnancy test came up positive. The sonographic exam revealed a solid mass with calcifications and multiple small cysts in the left side apart from the uterus. What is the most likely cause for these findings
Immature teratoma
During the sonographic exam an anechoic tubular structure images to the left of the uterus. What is most likely differntial for this finding
Hydrosalpinx
A 26 year old patient presents to the ED with complains of urinary pain without a bladder infection and painful periods. She has chronic pain that varies in intensity during her cycle. The transverse endovaginal image demonstrates bilateral contralateral masses
Endometriosis
A 40 year old woman presents with complaints of an enlarged tender uterus with abnormal bleeding. She has pregnancy history of G4P3A1. After viewing the image what is the most likely differntial for the patient symptoms and sonographic findings
Adenomyosis
