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Human nutrition > Obestiy > Flashcards

Obestiy Flashcards

1
Q

used to measure abdominal obesity

A

WAIST TO HIP RATIO

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2
Q

It’s calculated by measuring the waist and the hip at the widest diameter of the buttocks

A

WAIST TO HIP RATIO

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3
Q

Best body shape

A

Pear

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4
Q

WAIST TO HIP RATIO Strengths

A
  • Good correlation with body fat as measured by the most accurate methods
  • Inexpensive
  • Studies show waist to hip ratio predicts development of disease and death in adults
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5
Q

measured by the most accurate methods

A

WAIST TO HIP RATIO

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6
Q

WAIST TO HIP RATIO imitations

A
  1. Measurement error because it requires two measurements
  2. More complex to interpret - caused by increased abdominal fat or decrease in lean muscle mass around the hips
  3. less accurate in individuals with a BMI of 35 or higher
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7
Q

special caliper to measure the thickness of a “pinch” of skin and the fat beneath it in specific areas of the body

A

SKINFOLD THICKNESS

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8
Q

Used to predict body fat percentage

A

SKINFOLD THICKNESS

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9
Q

is a direct measure of fat

A

SKINFOLD THICKNESS

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10
Q

Reflects the proportion of total body fat

A

SKINFOLD THICKNESS

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11
Q

Measure fatty tissue in various parts of the body

A

SKINFOLD THICKNESS

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12
Q

The selected sites for SKINFOLD THICKNESS

A

( usually 3 to 7 )

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13
Q

SKINFOLD THICKNESS
…. measurements are taken at each site

A

2

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14
Q

The procedure for skinfold thickness measurement includes …..

A

grasping the skin and underlying tissue

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15
Q

SKINFOLD THICKNESS Strengths

A
  • Convenient
  • Safe
  • Inexpensive
  • Portable
  • Fast and easy ( except in individuals with a BMI of 35 or higher )
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16
Q

SKINFOLD THICKNESS imitations

A

Not as accurate as other methods: problem with skinfold thickness measurement is that different clinicians measuring the same person may get different results, depending upon their knowledge and experience

Various equations are used to assess results, so there is little consistency

Very hard to measure in individuals with a BMI of 35 or higher.

16
Q

Small, imperceptible safe electric current through the body, measuring the resistance.

A

BIOELECTRIC IMPEDANCE (BIA)

17
Q

Individuals are weighed in air and while submerged in a tank

A

UNDERWATER WEIGHING (Densitometry)

18
Q

X-ray beams pass through different body tissues at different rates

A

DUAL ENERGY X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY (DEXA)

19
Q

DUAL ENERGY X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY (DEXA) Limitations

A
  • Equipment is expensive and cannot be moved
  • Cannot accurately distinguish between different types of fat (fat under the skin, also known as “subcutaneous” fat vs. fat around the internal organs, or “visceral” fat
  • Cannot be used with pregnant women, since it requires
    exposure to a small dose of radiation
  • Most current systems cannot accommodate individuals with a BMI of 35 or higher
20
Q

…. more commonly used to determine bone mineral density for diagnosis of osteoporosis

A

DEXA

21
Q

abnormal or excessive fat accumulation

A

Overweight and obesity

22
Q

the ratio of weight to height calculated as weight (kg)/height (m 2

A

Body mass index (BMI)

23
Q

Body mass index (BMI) Strengths

A
  • Easy to measure
  • Inexpensive
  • Standardized cutoff points for overweight and obesity
  • Strongly correlated with body fat levels , as measured by the most accurate methods
  • Hundreds of studies show that a high BMI predicts higher risk of chronic disease and early death
24
Q

Body mass index (BMI) Limitations

A
  • Indirect and imperfect measurement does not distinguish between body fat and lean body mass
  • Not as accurate a predictor of body fat in the elderly as it is in younger and middle aged adults
  • At the same BMI, women have, on average, more body fat than men, and Asians have more body fat than whites
25
Q

a body builder or physically active person who bulks up, causing weight gain, but has a low percentage of body fat may have a …

A

BMI in the overweight category

26
Q

the simplest and most common way to measure “ abdominal obesity

A

WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE

27
Q

It’s the circumference of the abdomen, measured at the natural waist

A

Between the lowest rib and the top of the hip bone

28
Q

To correctly measure waist circumference

A
  1. Stand and place a tape measure around your middle, above your hipbones
  2. Make sure tape is horizontal around the waist
  3. Keep the tape snug around the waist, but not compressing the skin
  4. Measure your waist just after you breathe out
29
Q

WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE Strengths

A
  • Easy to measure
  • Inexpensive
  • Strongly correlated with body fat in adults as measured by the most accurate methods
  • Studies show waist circumference predicts development of disease and death
30
Q

WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE Limitations

A
  • Measurement procedure has not been standardized
  • Lack of good comparison standards reference data ) for waist circumference children
  • May be difficult to measure and less accurate in individuals with a BMI of 35 or higher

Human nutrition (8 decks)

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