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PHRM 852 Exam 2 > Obesity Part 2 > Flashcards

Obesity Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

3 Principles of Weight Loss

A

Movement
Nutrition
Behavioral Therapy

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2
Q

Strategies to reduce Dietary Energy Intake

A

Option1 :
- 1200 to 1500 calories per day for women
- 1500 to 1800 calories per day for men

Option 2:
- decrease total calories per day by 500 to 750 cal or by 30% of total

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3
Q

Calories/Pound/Day

A

Need: 10-18 calories/pound/day

10 cal/lb: weight loss
15 cal/lb: maintenance
20 cal/lb: weight gain
IN SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE

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4
Q

Macronutrients

A

Protein: 4 calories/gram
- 10-35%

Fat: 9 calories/gram
- 20-35%
- want < 10% from saturated fats
- want < 1% from trans fats

Carbohydrates: 4 calories/gram
- 45-65%

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5
Q

Glycemic Index

A
  • measure of how quickly blood sugar levels rise after eating a particular type of food

Glucose: 100 glycemic index

CHO = Total CHO (g) - Fiber (g)

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6
Q

Low vs High Glycemic Index

A

High Glycemic Index:
- release energy quickly
- feel hungry sooner
- eat more

Low Glycemic Index:
- releases energy slowly
- feel full longer
- eat less

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7
Q

How to fix Glycemic Index?

A

Recommend 6 low fueling’s every day
- Breakfast: 300-400
- Mid Morning: 100
- Lunch: 100-200
- Mid Afternoon: 100
- Dinner: 400
- Evening: 100

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8
Q

Understanding Daily Value (%DV)

A

5% or less is low

20% or more is high

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9
Q

Empty vs Nutrient Dense Calories

A

Empty Calories: calories from solid fats and added sugars
- add calories to food but no nutrients
- also known as high caloric/energy foods

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10
Q

Solid Fats

A

fats that are solid at room temperature
commonly added to foods that are processed

Ex)
- butter
- beef fat

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11
Q

Added Sugars

A

sugars and syrups that are added when foods or beverages are processed or prepared

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12
Q

Example of Weight Loss Program

A

High Fiber
High health protein (lean)
Low Carbohydrates
Low fat
Water

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13
Q

Goal Physical Activity

A

physical activity should be gradually increased to a goal of 30 minutes per day of moderate-intensity activity

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14
Q

What percentage of adults do not meet the guidelines for both aerobic and muscle-strengthening guidelines?

A

80%

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15
Q

What percentage of adolescents do not do enough aerobic physical activity to meet guidelines?

A

80%

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16
Q

Role of Physical Activity in Weight Loss

A

exercise alone is not enough to provide weight loss but should be used as a complementary to diet

17
Q

Moderate Physical Activity

A
  • any activity burning 3.5 to 7 kcal/min
  • results in 60-73% of peak heart rate

Ex)
- walking
- mowing lawn
- dancing
- swimming
- bicycling on level terrain

18
Q

Vigorous Physical Activity

A
  • any activity burning more than 7 kcal/min
  • results in 74-88% of peak heart rate

Ex)
- jogging
- high impact aerobic dancing
- swimming continuous laps
- bicycling uphill

19
Q

How to calculate peak heart rate?

A

PHR = 220 - age (years)

20
Q

Calories per hour of Activities

A

Sitting Quietly: 80
Standing Quietly: 95
Light Activity: 240
- office work
- cleaning house
- playing golf
Moderate Activity: 370
- walking briskly
- gardening
- bicycling
- dancing
Strenous Activity: 580
- jogging
- swimming
Very Strenous Activity: 740
- running
- racquetball
- - skiing

21
Q

Motivational Interviewing in Behavioral Weight Loss

A

O: Open Ended Questions
A: Affirmation
R: Reflections
S: Summaries

22
Q

Who are eligible for bariatric surgery?

A

severe clinical obesity
BMI > 40 or BMI > 35 with coexisting conditions
other methods have failed

MUST HAVE LIFELONG SURVEILLANCE AFTER SURGERY

23
Q

Most Common Type of Bariatric Surgery?

A

Sleeve Gastrectomy

24
Q

Gastric Bypass

A
  • reduces gastric volume to 15-30 mL
  • restriction of food intake and some nutrient malabsorption
  • food bypasses most of the upper GI tract

MAY NEED VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTS

25
Q

Sleeve Gastrectomy

A
  • approximately 80-85% of the stomach is removed
  • reduces gastric volume to a tube/banana shaped pouch
  • restriction of food intake

IRREVERSIBLE

26
Q

Clinical Implications after Bariatric Surgery

A
  • Routine nutrient supplementation (vitamins, nutrients)
  • 5 to 6 small meals per day (1200 to 1500 calorie diet)
27
Q

Drug Absorption after Bariatric Surgery

A
  • enteric coated and sustained release formulations should be converted to immediate release
  • restrictive procedures are less likely than the bypass procedure
  • reduced absorption of drugs that are dependent on an acidic environment
  • increased risk of ulcerations

PHRM 852 Exam 2 (11 decks)

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