Obesity Part 1

Question 1

What portion of adults in the US can be described as overweight or obese?

Answer 1

Nearly 3 in 4 adults

Question 2

Prevalence of Obesity in US Adults

Answer 2

Overweight: 31.1% of Americans
Obese: 42.5% of Americans
Severely Obese: 9% of Americans

Obesity Related Medical Costs: 147 billion which is 1429 more than normal weight

Mortality: 300,000 deaths per year in US
-obesity
- overweight
- inactivity

Question 3

Prevalence of Obesity in US Children

Answer 3

obesity is trending upward in children

children are projected to have a shorter life span than their parents

Question 4

Obesity Over the Years

Answer 4

2010:
- Goal: 15%
- Outcome: 12 states > 30% obese

2020 Adults:
- Baseline: 33.9%
- Goal: 30.5%
- Outcome: 38.6%

2020 Children:
- Baseline: 16.1%
- Goal: 14.5%
- Outcome: 17.8%

2030 Children:
- Baseline: 17.8%
- Goal: 15.5%

Question 5

In 2013 what percentage of self-reported obesity existed within Indiana?

Answer 5

30-35%

Question 6

In 2021 & 2022 what percentage of self-reported obesity existed within Indiana?

Answer 6

35-40%

Question 7

By 2030, what percentage of the US population could be obese?

Answer 7

50%

Question 8

Is the US better or worse than other countries in the World?

Answer 8

Worse

1 of a few countries with > 30% obesity

Question 9

Weight Assessment (BMI)

Answer 9

BMI in kg/m2

Underweight: 18.5 or less
Normal: 18.6-24.9
Overweight: 25-29.9
Obese: 30 and above

Question 10

Weight Assessment (Waist Circumference)

Answer 10

Women: < 35 inches
Men: < 40 inches

Question 11

Which of the following types of fat has been implicated as being the most harmful due to increased inflammation, release of free fatty acids?

Peripheral Fat
Subcutaneous Fat
Visceral Fat
Cellulite

Answer 11

Visceral Fat

Question 12

Location of Fat

Answer 12

• location of body fat is a predictor of health risks
• fat in the abdomen is linked to HTN, DM, CVD, cancer

Question 13

Diagnosis Codes

Answer 13

E66.9: obesity, unspecified
E66.01: Morbid obesity due to excess calories
E66.09: Other obesity due to excess calories
E66.1: drug induced obesity
E66.8: other obesity

Question 14

Complications of Obesity

Answer 14

Pulmonary Disease
Nonalcoholic Liver Disease
Gall Bladder Disease
Gynecologic Abnormalities
Osteoarthritis
Skin
Gout
Idiopathic HTN
Stroke
Cataracts
Coronary Heart Disease
Pancreatitis
Cancer
Phlebitis

Question 15

Causes of Inflammation

Answer 15

Food

Internal Environment: infections, visceral fat, lack of sleep, overuse of antibiotics

External Environment: chemicals, toxins, pollution, stress, radiation, pesticides

Question 16

Silent Inflammation

Answer 16

associated with excessive visceral fat

Question 17

Adipocytokines

Answer 17

• proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory facts secreted by adipocytes

Ex) TNF-a, adiponectin, leptin

Question 18

Gut Hormones

Answer 18

CCK:
- intestinal L cells
- CCKa
- decrease peripheral effect on food intake

PYY:
- intestinal L cells
- Y2R
- decrease peripheral effect on food intake

GLP-1:
- intestinal L cells
- GLP1R
- decrease peripheral effect on food intake

OXM:
- intestinal L cells
- GLP1R
- decrease peripheral effect on food intake

PP:
- pancreas/colon
- Y4R
- decrease peripheral effect on food intake

Ghrelin:
- stomach
- GHS
- increase peripheral effect on food intake

Question 19

Contributing Factors to Obesity

Answer 19

BEHAVIORAL FACTORS
Genetics
Other:
- lots of responsibilities
- long hours at work
- less sense of meaning/purpose
- sedentary lifestyle
- technology
- convenience
- no breakfast
- high glycemic index carbs
- refined/added sugars

Question 20

Process Food Ingredients

Answer 20

High Sodium
Bad fats (saturated/trans)
High glycemic index
Nutrient empty