Obesity Management: Assess Flashcards
Obesity class: define it and give ranges for underweight, normal weight, overweight, obesity class I, class II and class III
Based on BMI and is a measure of how big someone is.
Underweight <18.5
normal weight 18.6-24.9
overweight 25-29.9
class I 30-34.9
class II 35-39.9
class III >40
define obesity stage and the Edmonton obesity staging system (EOSS)
-Based on the medical, mental and functional impact of obesity and is a measure of how healthy the patient is
-EOSS is how the person is staged (stages 0-4)
name the 4 M’s of obesity
mental, mechanical (functional), metabolic & monetary
4 M’s of obesity: examples of mental
-Low self esteem/body image, anxiety, depression, binge eating, abuse, neglect, PTSD, eating disorders/night eating, addiction/personality traits.
-Underlying mental health disorders that can contribute to weight gain
-Must be addressed for weight management programs to be effective
binge eating is highly prevalent in those who experienced what types of abuse & neglect (6)
emotional, physical, sexual abuse
emotional, physical neglect & PTSD
define body image
collective perceptions, beliefs, assumptions & feelings about the body & physical apperance
binge eating disorder signs (5)
-eating more rapidly than normal
-eating until feeling uncomfortably full
- eating lots when not physically hungry
-feeling disgusted, depressed or guilty after eating
-marked distress about the binge eating behaviour
define night eating syndrome and name the signs (3)
Sleep disturbances and increased food intake later in the day (not equivilent to night snacking)
Signs:
-skipping breakfast >4 days/ week
- consuming >50% for your total daily calories after 7pm
-difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep >4 days/week
4 M’s of obesity: examples of mechanical
sleep disorders (obstructive sleep apnea), chronic pain, reduced pulmonary function, gastrointestinal disorders
4 M’s of obesity: examples of metabolic
PCOS, Hirsutism, cushings syndrome, acanthosis nigricans, cancer
4 M’s of obesity: examples of monetary
SES, employment/education, disability, insurance, benefits, access to food & treatment supplies & programs
how does sleep deprivation effect obesity
-increase cortisol
-decrease leptin
-increase ghrelin
-increase daytime sleepiness, fatigue and altered mood
chronic pain conditions from obesity
osteoarthritis & back pain
-ankle, knee, hip OA
Fibromyalgia
-rheumatoid condition characterized by fatigue, pain & stiffness (trunk and extremities)
how does obesity contribute to decreased pulmonary function
link between dyspnea & adult obesity
-decreases chest wall compliance
-decreases resp. muscle strength
-abdominal fat can lead to mechanical restrictions of diaphragm
Define GERD & how does it contribute to obesity
Gastro-esophageal reflux disease
-leads to increased esophageal acid exposure
-May be interpreted as hunger (eat to relieve symptoms= further weight gain)
define acanthosis nigricans
Sign of severe insulin resistence
-Skin condition characterized by areas of dark, velvety discolouration in body folds & creases.
Armpits, neck & groin
define cushings syndrome
increased levels of cortisol, disrupts the balance of sex hormones and results in Hirsutism (unwanted male pattern hair growth in women (PCOS)
define PCOS- polycystic ovary syndrome
condition caused by imbalance of sex hormones that can result in irregular periods, obesity, infertility & cysts on ovaries
cancers associated with obesity (13)
-meningioma
-multiple myeloma
-kidney
endometrium
-ovary
-thyriod
-breast
-liver
-gallbladder
-upper stomach
-pancreas
-colon & rectum
-adenocarcinoma of esophagus
how could obesity cause cancers (4 steps)
- fat cells make extra hormones & growth factors
- hormones/growth factors tell cells to divide more often
- increases the chance on cancer cells being produced
- can continue to divide & cause tumor
root causes of weight gain (3)
Is the root cause for weight gain from….
-slow metabolism?
-increased food intake?
-reduced physical activity?
eating behaviour considerations (13)
-amount of food eaten during meals/snacking
-context
-satiety
-satiation
-fullness
-rate of eating
-physical state when eating
-energy intake
-macronutrient composition
-emotions around eating
-aggresive diets?
