Obesity, HTN, Stroke

Question 1

obesity is defined as

Answer 1

BMI greater than 30

30% of adults are obese

Question 2

genetic predisposition for obesity

Answer 2

strong correlation b/t parents and obesity in their children

could be multifactorial

Question 3

obesity genetic links

Answer 3

several genes play a role

mostly leptin

Question 4

Leptin

Answer 4

hormone secreted by adipocytes and binds to receptors to control food intake

Question 5

if fat mass falls, leptin levels…

Answer 5

FALL

urge to eat INCREASES

Question 6

after eating, leptin levels…

Answer 6

RISE

single to eat less

Question 7

obesity pathophysiology

Answer 7

obese people already have high levels of leptin in their blood that would indicate leptin is working normally

implies that obese individuals are less sensitive to the hormone than lean people

Question 8

HTN is seen in ___ of adults

Answer 8

25%

Question 9

genetic predisposition of HTN

Answer 9

inheritable susceptibility

Question 10

2 normotensive parents =

Answer 10

4% risk of HTN

Question 11

1 hyper tensive parent =

Answer 11

8-28% risk of HTN

Question 12

2 hypertensive parents =

Answer 12

25-45% risk of HTN

Question 13

genetic links to HTN development

Answer 13

research focuses on RAAS and genes

believed to be genes that influence real salt handling and arterial tone

ex. is MLR that regulates sodium channels in the kidney

Question 14

HTN environmental influences

Answer 14

significant

high sodium diet, obesity, alcohol, exercise

Question 15

HTN risk in certain populations

Answer 15

persons from poor socioeconomic groups

Question 16

genetic predisposition stroke

Answer 16

positive family hx increases risk of CVA

Question 17

stroke genetic links

Answer 17

influenced by coagulator regulators

genetic risk factors for stroke: PON1 polymorphism, apolipoprotein E4, elevated homocysteine levels, factor V mutation, protein C and S

Question 18

PON1 polymorphism

Answer 18

stroke syndrome seen in adults under 45

PON1= paraoxonase (enzyme that helps HDL prevent oxidation of LDL)

LDL oxidation promotes heart and BV dz

Question 19

Apo E

Answer 19

presence of APOE e4 has been shown to increase stroke risk

Question 20

elevated homocysteine levels

Answer 20

possible association b/t this and risk of ischemic stroke

defect in MTHRFR gene is MC inherited cause of this

Question 21

mutation in gene for Factor V lieden

Answer 21

creates phenotypic resistance to anticoagulant affected of activated protein C

predisposes carriers to venous thrombosis (50% of clot hospitalizations)

Question 22

Protein C and S deficiency

Answer 22

coagulants involved with clot breakdown, if decreased increased risk of thromboembolism