Obesity, HTN, Stroke Flashcards
obesity is defined as
BMI greater than 30
30% of adults are obese
genetic predisposition for obesity
strong correlation b/t parents and obesity in their children
could be multifactorial
obesity genetic links
several genes play a role
mostly leptin
Leptin
hormone secreted by adipocytes and binds to receptors to control food intake
if fat mass falls, leptin levels…
FALL
urge to eat INCREASES
after eating, leptin levels…
RISE
single to eat less
obesity pathophysiology
obese people already have high levels of leptin in their blood that would indicate leptin is working normally
implies that obese individuals are less sensitive to the hormone than lean people
HTN is seen in ___ of adults
25%
genetic predisposition of HTN
inheritable susceptibility
2 normotensive parents =
4% risk of HTN
1 hyper tensive parent =
8-28% risk of HTN
2 hypertensive parents =
25-45% risk of HTN
genetic links to HTN development
research focuses on RAAS and genes
believed to be genes that influence real salt handling and arterial tone
ex. is MLR that regulates sodium channels in the kidney
HTN environmental influences
significant
high sodium diet, obesity, alcohol, exercise
HTN risk in certain populations
persons from poor socioeconomic groups
genetic predisposition stroke
positive family hx increases risk of CVA
stroke genetic links
influenced by coagulator regulators
genetic risk factors for stroke: PON1 polymorphism, apolipoprotein E4, elevated homocysteine levels, factor V mutation, protein C and S
PON1 polymorphism
stroke syndrome seen in adults under 45
PON1= paraoxonase (enzyme that helps HDL prevent oxidation of LDL)
LDL oxidation promotes heart and BV dz
Apo E
presence of APOE e4 has been shown to increase stroke risk
elevated homocysteine levels
possible association b/t this and risk of ischemic stroke
defect in MTHRFR gene is MC inherited cause of this
mutation in gene for Factor V lieden
creates phenotypic resistance to anticoagulant affected of activated protein C
predisposes carriers to venous thrombosis (50% of clot hospitalizations)
Protein C and S deficiency
coagulants involved with clot breakdown, if decreased increased risk of thromboembolism
