cloning technology + pharmacogenetics + etc

Question 1

three types of cloning techniques

Answer 1

1. recombinant DNA technology
2. reproductive cloning
3. therapeutic cloning

Question 2

recombinant DNA technology

Answer 2

when human genes are cloned into bacteria or other organism to produce a human gene product + recombinant DNA

Question 3

recombinant DNA technology gene therapy

Answer 3

refers to insertion of genes into individual cells to treat desire

replaces defective allele with function one

inserted gene codes for a normal gene defective in patient

Question 4

two methods of gene therapy

Answer 4

1. cells are extracted and manipulated outside the body and put back in
2. cells are treated while inside body (rare, must use retrovirus)

Question 5

gene therapy techniques involve

Answer 5

replacement of missing gene into somatic cell

Question 6

gene therapy is best for which type of mutations?

Answer 6

loss of function

Question 7

reproductive cloning

Answer 7

generate an animal with SAME nuclear DNA as another currently or previously existing animal

uses SCNT

expensive and inefficient (immunocompromised)

Question 8

SCNT

Answer 8

somatic cell nuclear transfer

1. eggs are obtained and nucleus is extracted
2. somatic cell from adult is fused with egg (becomes the DNA of the egg)
3. egg is activated and coaxed to divide, producing an embryo

Question 9

therapeutic cloning

Answer 9

aka embryo cloning

production of embryo to be used for research

goal is to harvest stem cells that can be used to study study human development to treat disease

Question 10

adult stem cells

Answer 10

reside in developed tissue and can act act like repair system by giving rise to new, specialized cells to take place of those that die or are lost

Question 11

genetically modified products

Answer 11

produced by a set of technologies that alter genetic makeup of living organism

include medicine and vaccines, foods and food ingredients, feeds and fibers

Question 12

benefits of GM products

Answer 12

enhances taste and quality of crops

reduces maturation time and increases yield/nutrients

increases food security for society

Question 13

GMP controversies

Answer 13

1. potentially negative health and environmental implications (safety)
2. world food production access and intellectual property
3. ethics (violation of natural organisms)
4. labeling
5. society

Question 14

pharmacogenetics

Answer 14

study of how genetic inheritance affects body response to drugs

Question 15

aims of pharmacogenetics

Answer 15

seeks to figure out which drugs will help individual more and prevent adverse effects of drugs

Question 16

genetic profiles

Answer 16

used to predict drug responses of individuals

Question 17

Her-2

Answer 17

protein molecule that tigggers cell growth and division in tumor cells

using pharmG. specific meds can be designed to target this protein

Herceptin

Question 18

6-mercaptopurine and azthiprine

Answer 18

2 druges used in range of indications that are metabolized by TMPT

TMPT def. individuals will have toxic results in their bone marrow

Question 19

benefits of PharmG

Answer 19

can result in better, safer drugs the first time

more accurate methods of det. appropriate dosage

decreases overall cost

Question 20

obstacles of PharmG

Answer 20

determined which gene is involved and impact of variation

Question 21

acronyms to know

Answer 21

SCREEN - questions to ask during family history

family GENES - factors that may indicate a particular etiology

Question 22

SCREEN

Answer 22

Some Concern (concerns about conditions that run in family)

Reproduction (problems with infertility, birth defects)

Early dz/death/disability (normal things at early age)

Ethnicity (where did your ancestors come from)

Nongenetic (traits that run in family)

Question 23

FamilyGENES

Answer 23

remind of factors that may indicate genetic etiology

G )groups of anomalies)

E (early or extreme presentation)

Neurodevelopment

E (exceptional pathology)

S (surprising lab values)