Diabetes

Question 1

subtypes discussed in this course

Answer 1

Type I
Type II
MODY

Question 2

T1DM

Answer 2

insulin dependent
multifactorial
accounts for 5-10% of all diabetes cases

Question 3

T1DM inheritance patterns

Answer 3

unclear

strong association with those who have 1st degree relatives with T1DM

Question 4

T1DM age of onset

Answer 4

manifests before 40

childhood adolescence

Question 5

T1DM prevalence

Answer 5

<1%

Question 6

T1DM genetic predisposing factors

Answer 6

95% of Caucasians with T1DM have HLA DR3 and/or DR4 Ag

strong connection with genetic development

Question 7

T1DM genetic links to development of disease

Answer 7

found to be associated with specific HLA Ags

other genes increase T1DM susceptibility

Question 8

HLA

Answer 8

human leukocyte antigen

found on surface of WBCs

helps distinguish b/t self and non-self

Question 9

T1DM pathophysiology

Answer 9

T-Cell infiltration of pancreas and destruction of the insulin=producing beta cells

B-cell destruction appears to be autoimmune so there is association between alleles that regulate immune response and susceptibility to autoimmune (DR3/DR4)

Question 10

T1DM environmental influence

Answer 10

peak onset is autumn and winter seasons

possibility that viral infections trigger onset in genetically susceptible individuals

Question 11

inheritance T1DM

Answer 11

polygenic

Question 12

age of onset T1DM

Answer 12

childhood/adolescence

Question 13

number of genes T1DM

Answer 13

> 20 loci

Question 14

T1DM pathophysiology

Answer 14

autoimmune

Question 15

T2DM

Answer 15

non insulin dependent

accounts for 90% of diabetes cases

Question 16

T2DM prevalence

Answer 16

<10%

Question 17

T2DM age of onset

Answer 17

Middle/old age

Question 18

T2DM inheritance

Answer 18

polygenic

Question 19

T2DM number of genes

Answer 19

numerous

Question 20

T2DM pathophysiology

Answer 20

insulin secretion/resistance

Question 21

T2DM inheritance patterns

Answer 21

genetically heterogeneous disorder of glucose intolerance

HLA associations are not seen

Question 22

T2DM predisposing factors

Answer 22

1. positive family history

2. obesity

Question 23

T2DM genetic links to development of disease

Answer 23

numerous susceptibility loci have been associated with T2DM

loci on 4 different chromosomes

Question 24

MODY inheritance patterns

Answer 24

autosomal dominant

monogenic disorder

Question 25

MODY age of onset

Answer 25

typically occurs before 25

adolezence/early adultood

Question 26

MODY number of genes

Answer 26

at least 7 genes

Question 27

MODY pathophysiology

Answer 27

B cell dysfunction

Question 28

MODY genetic predisposing factors

Answer 28

not associated with obesity

Question 29

MODY genetic link to development of disease

Answer 29

genes for body’s glucose sensory (glucokinase) and 5 transcription factors that control the way insulin is produced from beta cells of pancreas

Question 30

MODY clinical features

Answer 30

suspected if hx of diabetes in family

develops prior to middle age, pat is not over weight

treated by food alone, or low doses of insulin