obesity and inflammation Flashcards
describe gut microbiota
gut microbiota suggested to aid development of metabolic disease
increased fat content causes increased firmacides and reduced bacteriocides
changes can occur rapidly (24 hours)
and is possibly causing LPS levels to rise driving inflammation
?give antibiotics
what response occurs under high fat diet?
ER stress mediated siganllinga nd adaptation patwhays are switched on under HF feeding conditions and thsi triggers the unfolded protein response
ER processing capacity is overwhelmed and it deal with this by stopping protein synthesis and starting folding. this impairs leptin signalling
describe obesity associated inflammation
contributes to indulin resistance in peripheral tissues (adipose, liver and skeletal muscle). causes infiltration with macrophages and lots of othe rimmune cells.
high fat diet drives up levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and low grade chronic inflammation occurs.
describe ‘brite’ adipocytes
brown adipose tissue is essential for adaptive thermogenesis and energy regulation. in a HF diet beiging of adipocytes can occur producing brite adipocytes, this also occurs do to cold exposure. this drives inflammation and is damagin to metabolic health
potential therapeutic target
what are examples of anorexigenic peptides
leptin
insulin
alpha-MSH
GLP-1
CRH
PYY
what are examples of orexigenic peptides?
NPY, MCH, agouti, ghrelin
describe NPY
NPY is one of the most abundant neuropeptides and acts on the hypothalamus to stimulate food intake and decrease energy expenditure
what does the arcuate nucleus do?
has a central role in homeostasis
describe alphaMSH
alphaMSH is encoded by POMC
inhibits food intake
melanocrotin receptors are MC3 and MC4
what does stimulation of PVN do?
inhibit food intake
what does stimulation of LHA and perifornuclear area do?
increase food intake
it is known as the feeding cnetre
what do MRH and orexins do?
increase food intake and induce obesity
what is a metabolic syndrome?
at least 1 of; T2DM, impaired glucose tolerance or insulin resistance
with
at least 2 of; hypertension, obesity, hypertriglyceridaemia, microalbuminaemia
where do satiety signals converge?
information from upper GI tract via vagus and sympathetic afferents converge on the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and hypothalamus.
what does exercise do for neuronal health?
Exercise improves neuronal health and resilience
Exercise promotes synaptic plasticity and increases neurogenesis and angiogenesis
