Obesity, Alcohol, Tobacco Flashcards
Obesity BMI
Class 1: 30-35
Class 2: 35-40
Class 3: 40+
Overweight BMI
Greater than 25.
BMI
Body mass Index. kg/m^2
Normal range BMI
18.5-25
Obesity tend
Worldwide, obesity has more than doubled since 1980. Most common childhood disorder in Europe.
Obesity related clinical issues
Diabetes CVD Hypertension Joint pain Some cancers (colon) Mortality
10% weight loss sees reduces risks in:
total mortality, diabetes, blood pressure, fasting glucose, LDL, HDL, Cholesterol.
Endurance activity improves which risk factors?
Insulin resistance, viceral adipose, thrombosis, hypertension, atherogenic dyslipidemia, system inflammation.
Visceral fat
Visceral fat surrounds organs and is the harmful adipose tissue because it is hormonally active, producing adipokines. High abdominal fat indicates visceral fat. Hip fat, however, does not.
Metabolic syndrome
A clustering of at least 3/5 of the following medical conditions:
abdominal obesity elevated blood pressure elevated fasting plasma glucose high serum triglycerides low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels
Which is more important? A change in BMI or fitness?
Studies show that increased fitness capacity greatly reduces mortality much more than reductions in BMI. Exercise is the key to health and weight is just an indicator.
Orlistat
1st choice weight loss drug. Inhibits lipase activity, thereby reducing fat digestion.
Bariatric Surgery
A surgical procedure to reduce the size of stomach. Recommended for patients with BMI > 40. Positive weight loss results and reduction in hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes.
Binge drinking
6 units or more
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Characterized by small eye openings, small upper lip, and small philtrum. Causes intelligence, sensory, and behavior problems. Damage occurs form alcohol consumption during first trimester.
Acute pancreatitis
Severe inflammation of the pancreas. Alcohol is the greatest risk factor.
Tension Reduction Hypothesis
Alcohol dependence theory states the people drink to relieve stress/anxiety.
Alcohol dependence theory: operant conditioning
Rapid positive reinforcement that occurs by drinking overpowers the delayed punishment that occurs the next day.
Alcohol dependence theory: genetic disposition
Pedigree studies suggest that alcoholism may have a genetic component, especially in males.
CAGE
Do you think to Cut down?
Does talking about your drinking Annoy you?
Do you ever feel Guilty about your drinking?
Do you ever have an Eye-opener?
AUDIT-C
Alcohol use disorder identification test: Questionnaire to identify binge drinking, which can be a precursor to alcohol dependence. Ask questions on a scale of 0-4.
HSI
Heaviness of Smoking Index, based on how soon after awaking is first cig smoked, and how many cigs per day. Each question on scale of 0-3. Total of 5-6 indicates high addiction.
Pack Years
Multiply packs smoked per day times years smoked.
5 A’s for smoking cessation
Ask if they smoke Advise on health effects Assess readiness to quit Assist with strategies and medication Arrange follow up
