Obesity, Alcohol, Tobacco

Question 1

Obesity BMI

Answer 1

Class 1: 30-35
Class 2: 35-40
Class 3: 40+

Question 2

Overweight BMI

Answer 2

Greater than 25.

Question 3

BMI

Answer 3

Body mass Index. kg/m^2

Question 4

Normal range BMI

Answer 4

18.5-25

Question 5

Obesity tend

Answer 5

Worldwide, obesity has more than doubled since 1980. Most common childhood disorder in Europe.

Question 6

Obesity related clinical issues

Answer 6

Diabetes
CVD
Hypertension
Joint pain
Some cancers (colon)
Mortality

Question 7

10% weight loss sees reduces risks in:

Answer 7

total mortality, diabetes, blood pressure, fasting glucose, LDL, HDL, Cholesterol.

Question 8

Endurance activity improves which risk factors?

Answer 8

Insulin resistance, viceral adipose, thrombosis, hypertension, atherogenic dyslipidemia, system inflammation.

Question 9

Visceral fat

Answer 9

Visceral fat surrounds organs and is the harmful adipose tissue because it is hormonally active, producing adipokines. High abdominal fat indicates visceral fat. Hip fat, however, does not.

Question 10

Metabolic syndrome

Answer 10

A clustering of at least 3/5 of the following medical conditions:

abdominal obesity
elevated blood pressure
elevated fasting plasma glucose
high serum triglycerides
low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels

Question 11

Which is more important? A change in BMI or fitness?

Answer 11

Studies show that increased fitness capacity greatly reduces mortality much more than reductions in BMI. Exercise is the key to health and weight is just an indicator.

Question 12

Orlistat

Answer 12

1st choice weight loss drug. Inhibits lipase activity, thereby reducing fat digestion.

Question 13

Bariatric Surgery

Answer 13

A surgical procedure to reduce the size of stomach. Recommended for patients with BMI > 40. Positive weight loss results and reduction in hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes.

Question 14

Binge drinking

Answer 14

6 units or more

Question 15

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Answer 15

Characterized by small eye openings, small upper lip, and small philtrum. Causes intelligence, sensory, and behavior problems. Damage occurs form alcohol consumption during first trimester.

Question 16

Acute pancreatitis

Answer 16

Severe inflammation of the pancreas. Alcohol is the greatest risk factor.

Question 17

Tension Reduction Hypothesis

Answer 17

Alcohol dependence theory states the people drink to relieve stress/anxiety.

Question 18

Alcohol dependence theory: operant conditioning

Answer 18

Rapid positive reinforcement that occurs by drinking overpowers the delayed punishment that occurs the next day.

Question 19

Alcohol dependence theory: genetic disposition

Answer 19

Pedigree studies suggest that alcoholism may have a genetic component, especially in males.

Question 20

CAGE

Answer 20

Do you think to Cut down?
Does talking about your drinking Annoy you?
Do you ever feel Guilty about your drinking?
Do you ever have an Eye-opener?

Question 21

AUDIT-C

Answer 21

Alcohol use disorder identification test: Questionnaire to identify binge drinking, which can be a precursor to alcohol dependence. Ask questions on a scale of 0-4.

Question 22

HSI

Answer 22

Heaviness of Smoking Index, based on how soon after awaking is first cig smoked, and how many cigs per day. Each question on scale of 0-3. Total of 5-6 indicates high addiction.

Question 23

Pack Years

Answer 23

Multiply packs smoked per day times years smoked.

Question 24

5 A’s for smoking cessation

Answer 24

Ask if they smoke
Advise on health effects
Assess readiness to quit
Assist with strategies and medication
Arrange follow up