Obesity

Question 1

Determinants of Obesity (7)

Answer 1

food production
food consumption
biology
individual activity
activity environment
individual psychology
societal influences

Question 2

Pathophysiology of Obesity

Answer 2

• prolonged energy imbalance
• energy consumption > energy expenditure
• excess energy –> fat
• hyperplasia = increase in number of fat cells
• hypertrophy = increase in individual adipocytes

Question 3

Pathophysiology of Obesity - Metabolic Changes

Answer 3

Increase of fats –> more storage needed –> increase in visceral and subcutaneous fat

Increase in free fatty acids –> increase in insulin resistance –> increase in insulin production –> high glucose in blood (to a pre-diabetic level)

Ectopic Fat - fat in tissues other than adipose tissue that normally contains small amounts of fat –> dysfunction of organs –> increase insulin resistance

Question 4

Pathophysiology of Obesity - Mechanical Changes

Answer 4

• increase in bodyweight

- increase in mass of fat in and around structures/organs –> takes up space and compresses other organs/structures

Question 5

Clinical Features of Obesity (5)

Answer 5

• increased body folds
• increase SOB
• Increase fatigue
• decreased exercise tolerance
• sweating without exercising

Question 6

Progression of Obesity - Mechanical Dysfunction (5)

Answer 6

• obstructive sleep apnoea
• OA
• heartburn
• plantar fasciitis
• Urinary/fecal incontinence

Question 7

Progression of Obesity - Metabolic Dysfunction (5)

Answer 7

• type 2 diabetes
• Cancer
• Coronary Artery Disease
• hypertension and elevated cholesterol
• non-alcoholic liver disease