Obesity Flashcards
effect of obesity on collagen structure and function, wound healing
there is not enough collagen deposition to match the increasing surface area so the skin’s mechanical strength decreases
effect of obesity on sebaceous glands
peripheral fat increases androgen production
androgens stimulate sebaceous glands
effect of obesity on subcutaneous fat
altered endocrine roles of adipose tissue, increased hormone production (e.g. testosterone)
effect of obesity on barrier function
dry skin due to increased trans-epidermal water loss
effect of obesity on apocrine and eccrine glands
increased moistures/ skin maceration (softening and breaking down of skin due to prolonged exposure to moisture) increases irritation
effect of obesity on circulation
increase skin blood flow due to microvascular dysfunction, causes risk of hypertension
effect of obesity on lymphatics
there is leakage of protein rich lymphatic fluid into sub-cutaneous tissues
skin presentations linked to obesity and associated with insulin resistance
acanthosis nigricans (velvety thickening and pigmentation of the skin folds, usually in the axillae) skin tags (acrochordons in the axillae and neck)
3 conditions linked to hyperandrogenism
hirtuitism
acne
androgenetic alopecia (male pattern balding in men/women)
what is caused by the increase in body size
stretch marks
what is hidradentis suppurativa
a chronic inflammatory disease where boils and abscesses form and scars form in apocrine gland areas (axilla, groin)
How does obesity aggrevate lymphoedema?
increased subcutaneous fat - swelling - chronic inflammation and fibrosis - decreased tissue oxygenation and swelling - bacterial overgrowth - cellulitis leading to further lymphatic damage - downward spiral - skin becomes thick and warty lower leg and foot permanently enlarged
How does obesity aggrevate chronic venous insufficiency?
abdominal obesity resists venous return from the legs -
veins dilate, valves become incompetent -
varicose veins -
increased hydrostatic pressure in vessels leading to RBC leakage into tissue -
swelling, haemosiderin pigmentation and inflammation
chronic scarring
venous (stasis) ulceration
How does obesity aggrevate intertigo?
macerated red plaques in skin folds because of high moisture levels friction increased pH decreased barrier function
How does obesity aggrevate psoriasis?
flexural psoriasis is aggrevated by obesity
