Obesity Flashcards
What is the equation for BMI?
What are the units?
Weight/Height^2
Kg/M^2
What are the BMI ranges for Obesity I, II and III?
1 = 30-35 2 = 35-40 3 = 40+
List 5 factors that contribute to obesity.
1 - Genes
2 - Environment
3 - Appetite Control
4 - Peripheral Metabolism
5 - Endocrinology
What is the effect of leptin?
Increases energy expended
Decreases appetite
Which endocrine organ releases leptin?
Adipose tissue.
How does ATP III define Metabolic Syndrome?
Must show at least 3 of:
Abdominal / Central Obesity
Hypertriglyceridaemia
Low HDL Cholesterol
Hypertension
Fasting Hyperglycaemia
Microalbuminuria
Deposition of adipose tissue to which area of the body has the strongest effect on insulin sensitivity?
At the abdomen.
What role does insulin play in the regulation of adipose tissue mass?
- Insulin stimulates preadipocytes to proliferate
- Insulin stimulates preadipocytes to differentiate into adipocytes.
What are the NIC guidelines concerning physical activity to:
Prevent obesity
and
Avoid weight regain?
To prevent obvesity:
45 - 60min of moderate-intensity activity per day.
To avoid weight regain:
60 - 90 min of activity per day.
What is the main requirement for dietary interventions?
That the total energy intake is less than the total energy expenditure.
What is a disadvantage of low-calorie diets?
Less likely to be nutritionally complete.
When are pharmacological interventions considered?
Only after:
- Diet
- Exercise
- Behavioural changes
What 2 pharmacological options are available for treatment of obesity?
Orlistat and liraglutide.
What is the mechanism of action of orlistat?
Binds to lipase enzyme.
Fatty acids cannot be broken down in the intestine and are excreted.
What is the function of dipeptidyl peptidase-4?
Degrades incretins such as GLP-1.
