Obesity Flashcards
What does body mass index (BMI) represent?
An estimate of total body fat mass
Worldwide, what is the most significant threat to health and quality of life?
Over-nutrition
When pregnant, what percentage of overweight women gain more weight than recommended.
60%
In whom is BMI inaccurate?
Athletes - overestimated
Elderly - underestimated because they lose protein mass as they age and it is replaced with fat mass.
What waist circumference in men is high risk for obesity?
102 cm; 40 in
What waist circumference in women is high risk for obesity?
88 cm; 35 in
What is the formula for calculating BMI?
weight kg/height m^2
(weight lbs/height in^2) X 703
Discuss the classification of underweight, normal, overweight, and obese, and risk of heart problems.
Underweight, < 18.5; Increased
Normal Weight; 18.5 - 24.9; Least
Overweight; 25.0 - 29.9; Increased
Obese; >30; HIGH
Discuss the classification of underweight, normal, overweight, obese and severely obese in children.
Underweight - Less than the 5th percentile
Healthy Weight - 5th percentile to less than the 85th percentile
Overweight - 85th percentile to less than the 95th percentile
Obese - Equal to or greater than the 95th percentile
Severe Obesity - 99th percentile
What amount of Americans are overweight or obese?
2/3
What amount of children and adolescents are overweight or obese?
1/3
Obesity in children is established by what age?
Age 5
What percentage of obese children have cirrhosis of the liver?
20%
What is the correlation between obesity in a child and a parent?
A child with one obese parent has a 3X risk of being obese at an adult.
A child with two obese parents has a 15X risk of being obese at an adult.
True or false: Individuals that are obese spend more in healthcare costs than average weight individuals.
True. Individuals that are obese spend $1500 more in healthcare costs than average weight individuals
True or false: Obesity surpassed smoking in quality adjusted life years gained.
False. Obesity surpassed smoking in quality adjusted life years lost (2010)
______________results in more calories stored by the body than _______________
Processed foods results in more calories stored by the body than unprocessed foods.
What can increase an infants risk of obesity at any time in life?
A higher protein diet as an infant (drinking cow’s milk)
What factors contribute to obesity?
Genetics Sleep deprivation Microbiome exposure to antibiotics Toxins (i.e. BPA estrogen modulator in breastmilk) Viruses Cessation of smoking Iatrogenic /Medications Night eating syndrome Lack of breakfast
