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ChemPath > Obesity > Flashcards

Obesity Flashcards

1
Q

What is obesity ?

A
  • defined as a state of excess adipose tissue
  • increased body weight in relation to height when compared to same standard of acceptable or desirable weight
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2
Q

by 2030 there will be _ overweight & _ obese people globally

A

2.16 billion
1.12 billion

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3
Q

btwn 2002 & 2010 prevalence of obesity alone in Nigeria increased by _ in men
& _ in women

A

47% in men
39 % in women

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4
Q

according to WHO 2010 survey in Nigeria
prevalence of overweight was _ for men & _ for women

A

26% (men)
37% (women)

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5
Q

classification based on BMI

A

desirable - 18.5 -24.9
overweight - 25 - 29.9
obesity > 30
class 1 obesity = 30 - 34.9
class 2 obesity = 35 - 39.9
class 3 obesity = >40

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6
Q

BMI of 30 & above is most commonly used based on

A

substantial morbidity

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7
Q

BMI is a direct measure of adiposity
T/F

A

False

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8
Q

approaches for quantifying obesity under Anthropometry

A
  • skin fold thickness (over middle of triceps muscle) Men= 20mm, Women = 30mm
  • waist circumference
  • waist/hip ratio
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9
Q

other approaches for quantifying obesity besides Anthropometry

A
  • Densitometry (underwater weight)
  • CT/MRI
  • Electrical Impedence
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10
Q

_ constitutes the largest fat deposit

A

Subcutaneous fat deposit

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11
Q

excess SAT increases what levels?

A

cytokine levels

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12
Q

visceral adipose tissue is located mainly where ?

A

mesentry & omentum

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13
Q

Visceral Adipose Tissue is more metabolically active, more cellular, vascular & more innervates than SAT
T/F

A

True

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14
Q

visceral adipose tissue drains directly into where ?

A

portal circulation

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15
Q

Ectopic fat is what type of fat ?

A

Liver & muscle fat

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16
Q

_ fat is the most harmful to matvailic health

A

liver fat
*predicts whether people will develop type 2 DM or CVD
*causes insulin resistance locally & directly

17
Q

_ kg of liver fat accumulation is required to increase hepatic insulin resistance in children

A

only 0.2kg

18
Q

in apple shape fat is primarily located around _
while in pear shape it is primarily located around _

A
  • abdomen
  • hip & buttocks
19
Q

parameters for apple shape obesity

A

Waist circumference
>88cm in women (80cm = increased risk)
>102cm in men (90cm = increased risk)

20
Q

parameters for abdominal obesity for waist/hip ratio

A

> 1.0 in men
0.9 in women

21
Q

CENTRAL control of satiation occurs where

A

Hypothalamus

22
Q

satiation is controlled peripherally through the release of what enzymes

A

SMALL INTESTINE :
1) cholecystokinin
2) bombesin
3) glucagon-like peptide 1
4) somatostatin
5) enterostatin

Pancreas - Insulin & glucagon

23
Q

Two pathways regulation is carried out through in the hypothalamus

A
  • Central appetite-stimulating pathway (orexogenic)
  • central appetite-suppressing pathway
    (anorexogenic/leptin-melanocortin)
24
Q

ob gene is found on what chromosome?

A

chromosome 7
*produces 16kDa protein called LEPTIN

25
Q

what is thermogenesis

A

energy cost of storing & metabolizing food

26
Q

pathophysiology of obesity includes

A

1) genetics
2) diet
3) sedentary lifestyle
4) medical & psychiatric illness
5) social determinants
6) infectious agents

27
Q

cushing syndrome & hypothyroidism can cause obesity
T/F

A

True

28
Q

what viruses have been suggested to affect food absorption

A

Adenovirus 36

29
Q

alcohol contains how many Kj/g

A

29kJ/g (8kcal/g)

30
Q

surgical management of obesity includes _ & _ procedures

A

Restrictive & Malabsorptive

31
Q

alcohol contains how many calories

A

29KJ/g (8kcal/g)

32
Q

Drug Therapy for obesity includes what type of drugs

A

centrally acting & peripherally acting drugs

33
Q

__ peripherally acting drug is an inhibitor of pancreatic & gastric lipases

A

Orlistat
*reduces dietary fat absorption & aids weight loss

34
Q

centrally acting drugs include drugs acting on _ & _ pathways

A

Serotoninergic & Noradrenergic pathways

ChemPath (12 decks)

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