Obesity Flashcards
What is the typical history associated with obesity?
Excessive weight gain. Difficulty losing weight. History of sedentary lifestyle, high-calorie diet. Family history of obesity.
What are the key physical examination findings in obesity?
Elevated BMI (?30). Central adiposity. Hypertension. Possible signs of metabolic syndrome (e.g., acanthosis nigricans).
What investigations are necessary for diagnosing obesity?
BMI calculation. Waist circumference. Blood tests: lipid profile, fasting glucose, HbA1c.
What are the non-pharmacological management strategies for obesity?
Lifestyle modifications: diet, exercise. Behavioral therapy. Nutritional counseling.
What are the pharmacological management options for obesity?
Medications: orlistat, liraglutide. Consider anti-obesity drugs if BMI ?30 or ?27 with comorbidities.
What are the red flags to look for in obesity patients?
Severe obesity with complications: sleep apnea, cardiovascular disease, diabetes. Rapid weight gain. Signs of secondary causes (e.g., Cushing’s syndrome).
When should a patient with obesity be referred to a specialist?
Severe or complicated obesity. Failure of lifestyle interventions. Need for bariatric surgery evaluation. Psychological support for eating disorders.
What is one key piece of pathophysiology related to obesity?
Chronic energy imbalance: caloric intake exceeds expenditure. Leads to fat accumulation. Associated with genetic, behavioral, and environmental factors.
