Hypothyroidism

Question 1

What is the typical history associated with hypothyroidism in adults?

Answer 1

Fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance. Constipation, dry skin, hair loss. Depression, memory problems.

Question 2

What are the key physical examination findings in hypothyroidism in adults?

Answer 2

Bradycardia, dry coarse skin. Hair thinning, myxedema. Non-pitting edema, slow reflexes.

Question 3

What investigations are necessary for diagnosing hypothyroidism in adults?

Answer 3

Elevated TSH, low free T4. Thyroid antibodies (anti-TPO, anti-thyroglobulin).

Question 4

What are the non-pharmacological management strategies for hypothyroidism in adults?

Answer 4

Educate on the importance of medication adherence. Regular monitoring of thyroid function. Nutritional support and counseling.

Question 5

What are the pharmacological management options for hypothyroidism in adults?

Answer 5

Levothyroxine as first-line therapy. Dose adjustments based on TSH levels.

Question 6

What are the red flags to look for in hypothyroidism patients?

Answer 6

Severe symptoms: myxedema coma (hypothermia, altered mental status). Rapidly enlarging goiter. Persistent symptoms despite treatment.

Question 7

When should a patient with hypothyroidism be referred to a specialist?

Answer 7

Poor response to treatment. Unusual or complicated cases (e.g., central hypothyroidism). Need for further endocrine evaluation.

Question 8

What is one key piece of pathophysiology related to hypothyroidism in adults?

Answer 8

Autoimmune destruction of thyroid gland (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis). Leads to reduced production of thyroid hormones. Results in slowed metabolism.