obesity Flashcards
1
Q
how is obesity measured
A
- BMI = weight/ height squared
- Healthy BMI range is
between 18.5-25 - Overweight range is
between 25-30 - Obesity range is 30+
- Healthy BMI range is
- Anthropomorphic measures
- Water weighing
- Scans e.g. DEXA
2
Q
what are the causes of obesity
A
- Genetic- leptin genes (hormone produced at adipose tissue sites), prader- willi
- Metabolic- PCOS, cushings, hypothyroidism
3
Q
what are risk factors of obesity
A
- diet
- exercise
- stress
4
Q
what are complications of the CV (cardio vascular)
A
- atherosclerosis→ PAD, CAD
- Hypertension (increase leptin→ increase SNS and RAAS)
- Increased thrombosis
- Fatty infiltration of heart → ventricular dilation/ hypertrophy and affect conduction system
5
Q
what are complications in the respiratory system
A
- Obstructive sleep apnoea due to increase thoraco-abdominal pressure which decreases ventricular expansion)
- Asthma?
6
Q
what are complications in the musculoskeletal system
A
- Decrease mobility
- Back pain (shift in centre of gravity)
- Increase pressure on joints
7
Q
what are complications in the renal system
A
- Kidney stones?
- Urinary incontinence due to increased abdominal pressure
- Renal failure from diabetes, hypertension
8
Q
what are complications in the endocrine/ metabolic system
A
- Diabetes
- Metabolic syndrome which is high blood pressure, high blood glucose levels, high fat levels lots of fat carried around the waist and a decrease in high density lipoproteins (good cholesterol)
9
Q
what are management for diabetes
A
- Weight loss
- Dietary changes: low
intake of calories,
saturated fats and
sugars and an
increase of fruit and
veg - Physical activity:
increase frequency
- Dietary changes: low
- Behavioural therapy - used after diet and exercise changes
- Pharmacotherapy - used after diet and exercise changes
- Surgery - used after diet and exercise changes
