IV therapy

Question 1

factors that dictate body water requirements

Answer 1

1. amount needed to give the proper osmotic concentration

2. amount needed to replace water lost excretion

Question 2

what causes fluid loss and gain

Answer 2

loss

• GI: diarrhoea and vomiting
• renal: diuresis
• vascular: haemorrhage
• skin: burns

gain
- heart, liver, kidney failure

Question 3

what are colloid and crystalloid solutions

Answer 3

colloid solutions

• gelatinous solutions containing particles suspended in solution
• particles will not form a sediment under the influence of gravity
• particles are mostly unable to cross a semi-permeable membrane

crystalloid solutions

• clear fluids made up of water and electrolytes
• will cross a semi-permeable membrane

Question 4

fluid replacement goal: hypotonic and hypertonic and isotonic

Answer 4

hypotonic

• more diluted than blood plasma
• by giving it to the patient we are adding more water into the blood stream than normal
• it shifts into the cells and the cells swell to maintain the balance of homeostasis

hypertonic

• more concentrated than blood plasma
• less water outside of the cells than before
• encourages water to come out of the cells causing them to shrink

isotonic
- similar concentration to blood plasma

Question 5

signs and symptoms of hypovolaemia (not enough water)

Answer 5

• postural hypotension
• tachycardia
• decreased skin tugor
• dry mucosae
• oliguria
• organ failure
• absence of JVP

Question 6

signs and symptoms of hypervolaemia (too much water)

Answer 6

• hypertension
• tachycardia
• raised JVP
• odemea
• pulmonary oedema
• organ failure