diabetes mellitus

Question 1

what are the three main types of diabetes

Answer 1

1. Type 1- lack of adequate insulin production (produced from the pancreas)
2. type 2- a decrease of insulin production and insulin resistance
3. GDM- onset/ diagnosis during pregnancy

all of these lead to hyperglycaemia

Question 2

what is hyperglycaemia

Answer 2

• elevated blood glucose levels

signs and symptoms
- glucosuna (glucose in the urine) which enhances water loss and leads to polyuria (excessive urination) which increases plasma osmolarity and leads to polydipsia

Question 3

atherosclerosis

Answer 3

Increased lipolysis which leads to hyperlipaedemia which leads to fatty plaque formation which leads to hypertension, peripheral artery disease, coronary artery disease and stroke

Question 4

what is glycosylation

Answer 4

• a build up of sugar deposits
• disruption to A.P conduction –> neuropathies
• Build-up on the wall of the artery can disrupt gas/ nutrient exchange and lead to inflammation which leads to poor wound healing, recurrent infections, tissue damage, retinopathies, nephropathies
• Glucose wants to go into cells but they can’t get in so lipids are released into the blood which leads to lipid plaque formation (atherosclerosis)

Question 5

what is the BSL range

Answer 5

3-8mmol