⭐︎ obedience - study's✅ Flashcards
🔌MILGRAM:
what was the aim of his study of obedience?
what world event did it explain?
see how far someone would obey an instruction even if it meant hurting someone else
Germans in ww2 committing awful atrocities
🔌MILGRAM:
☆procedure:
how many ppts? gender? age? job ability?
how did they decide who was learner or teacher? who was always the learner ?
what was the set up of the two rooms?
40 males ages 20-50 ranging from unskilled to pro
drew straws, made sure the learner was always a confed
learner (con) strapped to electric chair in one room and the teacher (ppt) had the controls in the other room
🔌MILGRAM:
☆procedure cont..
after teacher asks questions, what happens if the learner gets the question wrong?
what did the learner do on purpose to see if the teacher would do what?
what were the teachers given by experimenters if they didnt administer the shock?
every wrong answer resulted in a shock administered by the teacher. increasing the voltage every time. this didn’t happen it was just sound effects
learner gave wrong answers on purpose to see if teacher would willingly hurt the whilst hearing them be in pain
prods such as ‘you must continue’ to get the to carry on the exp.
🔌MILGRAM:
☆findings:
what did observations show about how the ppts acted ?
what voltage did all ppts shock till?
what percentage if ppts shocked until the max (450v)
ppts showed signs of extreme tension eg sweating
300v
65%
AO3- milgram
list 4 strengths✅
(link to authoritarian persoanlity)
(what did he do to the ppts after which was good and ethical)
✅high temporal validity - explains huge atrocities such as the germans in ww2
✅less educated ppl obey more than educated ppl
✅controlled understanding of obedience, Milgram debriefed his participants afterwards, telling them what had really happened. When questioned, 84% felt glad to have taken part.
✅higher levels of obedience found with those who have authoritarian personality … supports the notion stated by Adorno
AO3 - weaknesses
❌ 3 weaknesses of milligrams study
❌highly unethical and socially sensitive … ppl were deceived of the confeds, lack of informed consent- they didn’t know the shocks weren’t real, and didn’t know what they were letting themselves in for.he ‘prods’ kept the participants from withdrawing. ppts experienced severe stress and psychological harm, thinking that they had potentially killed someone.
❌lacks mundane realsim + external validity …. lacked ecological validity as it was carried out in a lab under artificial conditions. This means that it might not be possible to generalise the finding to a real life setting, as people do not usually receive orders to hurt another person in real life.
❌ lacks generlibilty, biased sample of 40 men aged 20- 50, what about women or ppl of other ages why wasn’t they involved?
📈adorno et al - authoritarian personality:
☆procedure:
who and what did the study investigate?
give an example of the fascism scale (f- scale) (children)
around 2000 middle class white male Americans, to see their unconscious attitudes to other racial groups
obedience and respect for authority is learnt in childhood, most important virtue
📈authoritarian personality:
☆findings:
where did the authoritarians score on the f-scale?
what type of ppl did authorisations identify with?
who do they have most respect for?
what was their mindset like?
high
strong ppl, they were contemptuous of the weak
ppl with higher status
cognitive style no fuzziness, fixed stereotypes about other groups
AO3- adorno et al:
❌list 4 weaknesses
❌the explanation is limited and the f- scale is politically biased
❌biased sample fo 2000 white American males …. cant generalise
❌research uses correlation , Adorno couldn’t claim the harsh parenting lead to the personality, it was a broad statement harsh parenting has led to positive things also
❌ Middendorp and Meleon found that less educated people are more likely to display authoritarian personality characteristics, than well-educated people. If these claims are correct then it is possible to conclude that it is not authoritarian personality characteristics that lead to obedience, but levels of education.
