OBEDIENCE- Millgram Variations

Question 1

Proximity

Answer 1

Teacher and learner in same room- 30%
Experimenters gave orders by phone- 20.5%
Electroshock plate- 30%

Question 2

Location

Answer 2

In a run down office went from

60% to 47.5%

Question 3

Uniform

Answer 3

Ordinary member of the public in normal clothes rather than mr Wallace
It dropped to 20%
-lowest level of conformity

Question 4

Evaluation- research support

Answer 4

Bickman (1974)
3 different uniform, jacket and tie, milkman outfit and security guard.

People we twice as likely to obey security guard than jacket and tie.

Supports milgrams uniform variation as it is a contributing factor to obedience

Question 5

Evaluation- lack of internal validity

Answer 5

Orne and Holland’s

Criticised that participants new it was fake, more likely in variations due to extra manipulation

Limitation of all milgrams studies because it’s unclear if results are genuine , or ps saw through the deception and acted accordingly

Question 6

Evaluation- cross cultural replications

Answer 6

Miranda et al (1981)

Found that obedience rate is 90% over Spanish students, suggesting that his results are not just limited to American males

HOWEVER

Smith and bond (1998)
Both USA and Spain are western and same sort of cultures so may be reason why. Results may not be the same in Kenya.