Obedience

Question 1

obedience is the carrying out of ____given by a person invested with____(___)

Answer 1

orders, authority, Avermaet

Question 2

classical studies of obedience include

Answer 2

milgram, moscovici’s minority experiment, stanford prison (zimbardo), solomonasch conformity

Question 3

milgrams participants were given awareness by

Answer 3

having a 45v shock, thought they themselves could have been learner

Question 4

milgrams partic impression role authority by

Answer 4

at uni campus, exp. wore white coat, stern prompts on hesitation

Question 5

the predicted results of milgrams was ___ by students and ___ by psychologists- actual was ____

Answer 5

1.2%, 0.125%, 62.5%

Question 6

the underestimation of obedience was explained by the _____(___), which is that people tend to place ________ on the ______ of the ____, and ______ situational influences (ie assign different characteristic to others than to ourselves)

Answer 6

fundamental attribution error, ross 1977, too much emphasis, personal disposition, teacher, overlook (not actually “fundamental as differs between cultures but still powerful)

Question 7

in soloman aschs conformity experiment (___), ___% gave the wrong answer when everyone else did, whereas in contraol less than ___ gave wrong answer

Answer 7

1951, 30%,1%

Question 8

milgram: average shock was ___, varied according to conditions such as

Answer 8

368v, male vs. female, proximity to learner/experimenter, location, confederates

Question 9

a flaw of milgrams is they never proved they understood that

Answer 9

shock was fatal, and internal conflict may link to personality?

Question 10

why obey?

Answer 10

personal interest, adaptation to norms, avoid responsibility, respect, punishment&reward, do the right thing

Question 11

zimbardos experiment (___) can be said to not strictly be obedience as ____were given but not ____

Answer 11

1973, roles, orders

Question 12

ethical attempts to recreate milgrams have been tried (eventhough ____) , including; 1_________ and 2_________

Answer 12

1yr follow up said 84%glad to take part, immersive virtual environments, partial replication (burger)

Question 13

how are burgers replications deemed more ethical?

Answer 13

2 step screening process, right to withdraw, 15v rather than 45v for own, immediate debriefing, clinical psych to monitor stress —> findings consistent with milgram, and 150v max as 79% reaching this point would go all the way anyway

Question 14

challenges for milgram:

Answer 14

manipulated procedure(tinkered following pilot) and obscured variations(with range obedience 0-92.5%)- therefore point was to see to what extent people obey in varying situations

Question 15

level of obedience decreased when

Answer 15

reconciling competing demands were present

Question 16

___(__) argues milgram demonstrated power of expert authority rather than ___authority, but later analysis showed

Answer 16

morelli, 1983, legitimate, experimenter both legitimate and expert.

Question 17

milgrams results may not be evidence for agentic state since

Answer 17

levels obedience depend on exposure to different voices with different constitution

Question 18

why disobey?

Answer 18

responsibility, see others rebel, question motives of orders, time to think, reaction to freedom restrictions, high levels moral reasoning

Question 19

agentic state is that a “man feels __ to the ___ directing him but feels no ___ for the ____ of the action the ____ prescribes”

Answer 19

responsible, authority, responsibility, content, authority (ie shift to experimental state)

Question 20

agentic state is influences by ___(_)

Answer 20

banality of evil, arendt

Question 21

milgrams second theory for obedience is ___forces/____ mechanisms, such as

Answer 21

binding, strain resolving, legitimate auth., social commitment, task legitimacy, task nature ex incremental

Question 22

there were ___replications of milgram from ___-___, showing no relationship between obedience and year or whether in naturalistic environments

Answer 22

14, 1963, 1985

Question 23

___(___) nurse studies involved 2xdose of drug not cleared for use, results were

Answer 23

hofling et al (1966), 21 of 22 obeyed

Question 24

___(__) replicated hoflings nurse studies but with ___ and the result of this was _____

Answer 24

rank &jacobsen (1975), 2 of 18 complied

Question 25

___(__) investigated ____ by stopping ps in street, results were that more obeyed guard than civ, it was ___specific, and ____ increased compliance by ____

Answer 25

bickman, (1974), influence of authority, situation, explanation, 36%

Question 26

___(___) replicated bushman(1974) experiment to investigate ___/___ authority, results were that __authority had ___ obedience whereas ___ had ___ (which was very close to ___ for no authority)

Answer 26

bushman, 1984, status, role, role, 82%, status, 50%, 45%

Question 27

milgram critical decision points were when learner voiced

Answer 27

clear objections (150v and 315v)

Question 28

request showed compliance, ___ didn't

Answer 28

order

Question 29

__(__)s social ID based explanation is that part of an individuals ____ which derives from knowledge of ____ of a social group together with ___attached to the group results in social categorisations and ____theory

Answer 29

Tajefel, 1978, self concept, membership, emotional significance, self-categorisation theory

Question 30

social categorisations are the need for ___ identity and leads to ___comparisons that enhance the distinctive __ingroup and ___outgroup

Answer 30

positive, social, positive, negative

Question 31

the difference between social is and agentic state is that social id is ___ but AS is -___

Answer 31

conscious active endeavour, passive