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social influence > Obedience > Flashcards

Obedience Flashcards

1
Q

Obedience

A

A form of social influence in which an individual follows a direct order (the person issuing the order is usually a figure of authority, who has the power to punish when obedient behaviour isn’t forthcoming)

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2
Q

What was the aim of Milgram’s research into obedience

A

Wanted to know were the Germans different?

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3
Q

How many participants were involved in Milgram’s research into obedience

A

40 American men volunteered to take part in the study at Yale Uni

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4
Q

What was the procedure for Milgram’s research into obedience

A

Were a Teacher and Learner (always a confederate)- the learner had a heart ‘condition’. The teacher gives the learner a electric shock every time they get an answer wrong (shocks increased by 15v each time until 450v)

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5
Q

What was the results of Milgram’s research into obedience

A

65% gave highest shock of 450v. 100% gave shocks up to 300v

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6
Q

What was the conclusion of Milgram’s research into obedience

A

The Germans were not different as even the american participants were willing to obey orders even when they might harm another person

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7
Q

Evaluation points to obedience- Research Support

A

STRENGTH

French game show similarly replicated the study
80% gave max shock

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8
Q

Evaluation points to obedience- Low internal validity

A

LIMITATION

Participants realised the shocks were fake- ‘play-acted’
(Orne and Holland)

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9
Q

Evaluation points to obedience- Ethical issues

A

LIMITATION

Deception meant that participants couldn’t properly consent

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10
Q

What are the situational variables

A
  1. Proximity
  2. Location
  3. Uniform
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11
Q

Proximity findings

A

Obedience 40% with T and L in the same room, 30% for touch proximity

  • The closer the person was to the person they were harming the obedience levels decreased
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12
Q

Location findings

A

Obedience 47.5% in run-down office building
University’s prestige gave authority

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13
Q

Uniform findings

A

Obedience 20% when Experimenter was ‘member of the public’
Uniform is symbol. of legitimate authority

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14
Q

Evaluation points of the situational variables in obedience- Research support

A

STRENGTH

Power of uniform- Bickman
Milk man vs police in asking to pick up litter

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15
Q

Evaluation points of the situational variables in obedience- Cross cultural replications

A

STRENGTH

Dutch participants ordered to say stressful things to interviewee
Decreased proximity led to decreased obedience

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16
Q

Evaluation points of the situational variables in obedience- Cant be generalised

A

LIMITATION

Most studies took place in countries similar to the US, so not generalisable

17
Q

Evaluation points of the situational variables in obedience- Low internal validity

A

LIMITATION

Some of Milgram’s procedures in the variations were especially contrived, so not genuine obedience

18
Q

What are the situational explanations of obedience

A

Agentic state

Autonomous state

Binding factors

19
Q

Agentic state

A

Acting as an agent of another person

20
Q

Autonomous state

A

Free to act according to conscience. Switching between the two- agents shift

21
Q

Binding factors

A

Allow individuals to ignore the damaging effects of their obedient behaviour, reducing moral strain.

22
Q

Evaluation of the situational explanation (Agentic state) of obedience- Research support

A

STRENGTH

Milgram’s resistant participants continued to give socks when the experimenter took responsibility

23
Q

Evaluation of the situational explanation (Agentic state) of obedience- A limited explanation

A

LIMITATION

Cannot explain why Rank and Jacobson’s nurses and some of Milgram’s participants disobeyed

24
Q

Legitimacy of authority

A

Created by hierarchical nature of society.
Some people entitled to expect obedience.
Learned in childhood

25
Q

Examples of authority in society

A

Teachers
Parents
Police etc

26
Q

Destructive authority

A

problems arise when authority used destructively (Hitler)

27
Q

Evaluation of the situational explanation (Legitimacy of authority) of obedience- Explains cultural differences

A

STRENGTH

In Australia 16% obeyed
In Germany 85% obeyed
Related to structure of society

28
Q

Evaluation of the situational explanation (Legitimacy of authority) of obedience- Cannot explain all (dis)obedience

A

LIMITATION

Rank and Jacobson’s nurses in hierarchical structure but didn’t obey legitimate authority

29
Q

Evaluation of the situational explanation (Legitimacy of authority) of obedience- Real world crimes of obedience

A

STRENGTH

My lai massacre- US army burned homes and killing and injuring innocent people due to obeying legitimate authority figure

30
Q

What is the Dispositional explanation

A

Exploring the impacts of personality factors in the individual
Eg. Authoritarian personality

31
Q

Authoritarian personality

A

A type of personality that was especially susceptible to obeying people in authority. Such individuals are also thought to be submissive to those of higher status and dismissive of inferiors.

Authoritarian personality forms in childhood mostly as a result of parenting

32
Q

What was Adornos research on the dispositional explanation- Procedure

A

Adorno studied more than 2000 MC, white Americans and their unconscious attitudes towards other racial groups (F-scale)- rate their agreement with statement

33
Q

What was Adornos research on the dispositional explanation- Findings

A

People with AP identify with ‘strong’ people, have fixed cognitive style and hold stereotypes and prejudices

34
Q

Evaluation points of the dispositional explanation in obedience- Research support

A

STRENGTH

Obedient participant’s had high F scores

35
Q

Evaluation points of the dispositional explanation in obedience- Limited explanation

A

LIMITATION

Can’t explain obedience across a whole culture

36
Q

Evaluation points of the dispositional explanation in obedience- Flawed evidence

A

LIMITATION

The F-scale has some issues as the main basis for the AP as response bias may have occurred- not useful

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