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farmakologie > obecne > Flashcards

obecne Flashcards

1
Q

tyreostatika

A

thionamidy (carbimazol); I131, beta blok., kortikoidy

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2
Q

hypofunkce stit. zlazy

A

levotyroxin, urgentne T3

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3
Q

blokada svaloveho nikotin. rec.

A

kurare

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4
Q

prima a neprima parasympatomimetika

A

prima: pilokarpin, neprima: fyzostigmin, rivastig.

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5
Q

SAMA, LAMA

A

SAMA: ipratropium, LAMA: glycopyrrionum

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6
Q

rovnovaha Ca2+

A

parathormon, kalcitonin

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7
Q

farmakol. lecba osteoporozy

A

antiresorpcni, osteoanabolicka (teriparatid, kalcilytika, anabol. stroidy), leky s dualnim ucinkem (kalcitonin)

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8
Q

bisfosfonaty (nazvy latek)

A

-dronat (alendronat)

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9
Q

antimanika

A

Li, karbamazepin, valproat, clonazepam (agonista seroton. rec., bzd, NU agranulocytoza)

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10
Q

NSAID - cleneni

A

Nespecif.: ASA, paracetamol (preferencni), deriv, ks. octove, deriv, kys. propionove, oxikamy, metamizol; Selektivni: koxiby

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11
Q

centralni myorelaxancia (nazvy + mechanismy)

A

ketamin (NMDA antagonista), diazepam (GABA), baclofen (GABA)

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12
Q

periferni myorelaxancia

A

kurare, sukcinylcholin

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13
Q

leciva s kinetikou 0. radu

A

teofylin, fenytoin, ethanol

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14
Q

celkova anestetika (typy)

A

opioidy, intravenozni, inhalacni

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15
Q

anodyna - dualiste

A

tramadol, metadon, kodein,..

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16
Q

intravenozni anestetika

A

thiopental, ketamin, propofol, midazolam

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17
Q

mechanismus ucinku beta blokatoru

A

inhibice sekrece reninu v RAAS komplexu

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18
Q

selektivni a neselektivni BB

A

neselektivni: propranolol, carvedilol; selektivni: metoprolol, alprenolol

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19
Q

neinzulinova antidiabetika

A

inzulinova sekretagoga (derivatu sulfonylmocoviny), inz senzitizery (biguanidy), strevni hormony, inhib SGLT2, inhib afa-glukosidazy (str. 17)

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20
Q

nootropika

A

= kognitiva; AChEI, nekomp. inhib. NMDA, atypicka nootropika

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21
Q

zakladni FK parametry

A

Vd, CL, F, polocas, AUC

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22
Q

vzorec pro t1/2

A

t1/2 = ln2/ke

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23
Q

antikoagulancia

A

in vivo x in vitro (heparin, EDTA, citrat Na); Prima koagulancia: prime inhb trombinu a faktory Xa (hirudin, gatrany, xabany); neprime inhib (eparin, LMWH, pentasacharidy);
Neprima antikoag.: warfarin (kompet antag. vit. K)

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24
Q

diuretika - typy a MU

A

distalni - inhib. zpet. resorpce Na v distal.tubulu, klickova - inhibice kotransporu Na, K, Cl v Henleove klicce, kalium setrici diuretika - pusobeni v dist. tubulu a sbernych kanalcich, antagoniste aldosteronu

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25
Q

kalium setrici diuretika (nazvy)

A

spironolakton, eplerenon

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26
Q

antiparkinsonika

A

levodopa, carbidopa, selegilin (IMAO), amantidin,…

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27
Q

antiresorpcni lecba osteoporozy

A

HRT, SERM (raloxifen), bisfosfonaty (alendronat), biologicka l.

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28
Q

mechanismy ATB rezistence

A

snizena penetrace do B, zmena cilove struktury (rec.), enzymaticka inaktivace

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29
Q

principy kombinace ATB

A

sekvencni blokada, inhibice enzymat. inaktivace, zvyseni pruniku do bakt.

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30
Q

antituberkulotika

A

prvni rada: rifampicin + kombinace (vankomycin, fluorochinolony, makrolidy), druha rada: dlouhodobe (delamanid, bedaquilin)

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31
Q

antipsychotika

A

klasicka: sedativni (chlorpromazin), incizivni (haloperidol), atypicka - dnes 1. volba (risperidon, klozapin)

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32
Q

antihelmintika

A

mebendazol, thiabendazol, diethylcarbamazin

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33
Q

na motolice

A

praziquantel

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34
Q

na tasemnice

A

niclosamid

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35
Q

antiprotozoalni leky

A

metronidazol

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36
Q

lecba malarie

A

chlorochin (zabije malarii v cerv. krvinkach), primaquin (zabije ji jinde)

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37
Q

toxicke poskozeni

A

farmakologicke (upravi se), patologicke (mozna se upravi), genotoxicke (trvale, mutageneze)

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38
Q

ACE-I

A

-pril (kaptopril, perindopril - prolecivo), teratogenni

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39
Q

proti herpetickym virum

A

aciclovir, ganciclovir, ribavirin (teratogen)

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40
Q

na viry chripky

A

amantadin

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41
Q

antivirotika

A

na herpesviry, na chripkove viry;

imunoglobuliny, interferony

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42
Q

lecba HIV (typy)

A

nukleotidove inhib reverzni transkriptazy, nenukleotidove inhib. rev. trans., inhib. proteinazy, inhib. splyvani infik. bunek

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43
Q

nukleotidove inhibitory rev. transkriptazy

A

zidovudin, didanosin, tenofovir (Viread, prof. Holy, neni substrat pro CYP450)

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44
Q

tricyklicke antidepresivum

A

amitryptilin (kardiotoxicke)

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45
Q

antidepresiva

A

tricykl, tetracykl., IMOA - sele. a nesele., SSRI (1. volba), SNRI, NARI, NaSSA, NDRI, SARI, trezalka

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46
Q

antidiaroika

A

adsorbancia (diosmektit), desinfi. (cloroxin), opioid. obstip. (loperamid), probiotika

47
Q

astma

A

kortikoidy, imunoprofylaktika (stabil. zirnych bumek), bronchodilat. (beta mimet, parasympatolyt., methylxantiny), podpurna farmaka

48
Q

FT ICHS

A

snizeni naroku na kyslik (BB, nitraty), zlepseni myokard. perfuze (nitraty, BB), metabolic. modulatory, stabilizace atherosklerot. platu (statiny), antikoagulancia

49
Q

alfa 1 sympatomimetika

A

nafazolin, fenylefrin..

50
Q

alfa 2 sympatomimetika - k cemu a jake

A

lecba hypertenze, klonidin, metyldopa

51
Q

beta 1 sympatomimetika - k cemu a jaka

A

akutni SS, dopamin, dobutamin

52
Q

bea 2 sympatomimetika - k cemu a jaka

A

tokolytika, bronchodilatancia, salbutamol (SABA), klenbuterol (LABA)

53
Q

alfa 1 blokatory - jake a k cemu

A

prazosin, doxazosin, tolazosin, fentolamin; retence moci, hyperplaz. prost., hypertenze u SS

54
Q

ACE-I

A

-pril (kaptopril, perindopril)

55
Q

prokinetika - mechanismus, nazvy

A

D2 antagoniste, doperidum, metoklopramid

56
Q

spasmolytika (GIT) typy a mechan.

A

neurotropni - atropin, muskulotropni (inhib PDE) - papaverin

57
Q

LI - FK a FD

A

FK: warfarin + barbituraty, rifampicin + hormon. antikonc., digoxin + amiodaron; FD: warfarin + aspirin, furosemid + digoxin (hypokalemie), IMAO + efedrin

58
Q

antiobezitika

A

anorektika (fentermin, naltrexon), orlistat, analoga GLP-1, elsinorske prasky (kofein + efedrin)

59
Q

cytostatika - typy

A

genotoxicka ( alkylacni cinidla, interkalacni cinidla, radiomimetika), antimetabolity (antifolaty - metotrexat, analoga purinu, pyrimidinu), leky rostlinneho puvodu, epigenet. cytostatika

60
Q

interkalacni cytostatika

A

antracyklinova ATB, aktinomyciny, deriv. akridinu

61
Q

alkylacni cytostatika

A

cyklofosfamid, isofosfamid, slouceniny Pt (karboplatina)

62
Q

typy lokalnich anestetik (3 ruzna cleneni)

A

povrchova, infiltracni, svodna, epiduralni; kratce a dlouho pusobici; estery, amidy

63
Q

prima parasympatomimetika

A

pilokarpin

64
Q

neprima parasympatomimetika

A

fyzostigmin, neostygmin, rivastygmin

65
Q

uterotonika

A

oxytocin, karbetocin, namelove alkaloidy, prostaglandiny

66
Q

tokolytika

A

beta 2 sympatomimetika (salbutamol), antagon. oxytocinu (atosiban), antagon. prostaglandinu (nimesulid)

67
Q

zakladni FK arametry

A

CL, biol. polocas elim., rychlost. konst. absorpce, biol. dostupnost, Vd, AUC

68
Q

parasympatolytika

A

atropin, SAMA (ipratropium), LAMA, kurare

69
Q

antiestrogeny, antiprogestiny

A

antiestrogeny: klomifen (lecba neplodnosti), tamoxifen… - nadory, inhibitory aromatazy;
antiprogestin: abortiva (mifepristol)

70
Q

typy hormon. antikonc.

A

kombin. oralni kontraceptiva, gestagenni oralni kontrac. (minipills), postkoitalni, parenteralni

71
Q

na hyperplazii prostaty

A

alfa 1 blokatory, inhib 5alfa reduktazy, fytofarmaka

72
Q

na mocovou inkontinenci

A

alfa 1 mimetika, parasympatolytika, BKK (spasmolytika)

73
Q

erektilni dysfunkce

A

inhib PDE5 (sildenafil), PG

74
Q

cilena protinadorova lecba - typy

A

mab, specif inhib, jine (inhb angiogeneze, diferencialni lecba.. ?); biologicka lecba (IL-1, INFalfa)

75
Q

Henderson-Hasselbachova rovnice

A

pH = pKa + log10(B/A)

76
Q

fibrinolytika

A

reteplasa, alteplasa (mimikuji plasminogen), streptokinasa, anistreplasa

77
Q

antiagregancia

A

ASA, clopidogrel, prasugrel, dipyridamol (inhib PDE3), blokatory rec pro fibrinogen

78
Q

inhibitory vapnikovych kanalu (typy a nazvy)

A

dihydropyridinove (-dipin, amlodipin), nedihydro. (verapamil, diltiazem)

79
Q

antimykotika - typy a priklady

A

polyenova (vznik poru v membr., amfotericin B, nystatin), azolova (starsi jen lokalne, novejsi i syst., ketokonazol, flukonazol), alylaminy (naftifin), morfoliny…

80
Q

pro jaka leciva je vyznamny enterohepatalni obeh

A

indometacin, metotrexat

81
Q

antihistaminika II. generace

A

cetirizin, loratadin, desloratadin

82
Q

priklad glykopeptid ATB + mechan.

A

vankomycin, 2. gen: dalbavancin, inhib. BS

83
Q

priklad linkosamidoveho ATB + mechan.

A

linkomycin, klindamycin, inhib. syntezu bilkovin

84
Q

priklad nitroimidazol. ATB + mechan.

A

metronidazol, inhib. syntezy NK

85
Q

sulfonamidy - mechan. a priklad

A

inhib. syntezy NK, kotrimoxazol

86
Q

fluorochinolony - mechan. a priklad

A

inhib. syntezy NK, 3. gen ciprofloxacin, 4. gen sparfloxacin

87
Q

typy antiarytmik

A

blok Na kanalu, blok Ca kanalu, blok K kanalu, BB, jine

88
Q

blokator K kanalu

89
Q

antitusika

A

kodein, butamirat

90
Q

expektorancia

A

bromhexin, acetylcystein, ambroxol

91
Q

typy bronchodilatancii

A

beta2 mimetika, neselekt. sympatomimetika, parasympatolytika, methylxantiny

92
Q

mechanismy rezistence

A

omezena penetrace, zmena cilove struktury, enzymaticka inaktivace

93
Q

typy vasodilatancii

A

neurotropni (alfa 1 lytika, alfa 2 mimet, fentolamin, tolazolin), ovlivneni RAAS (ACEI, AT1 blok), BKK, nitraty a nitrity, inhibitory PDE (sildenafil), beta 2 mimetika

94
Q

chorobu modifikujici leky na revmatoidni artritidu (typt)

A

antimalarika, imunosupresiva, kortikoidy, biol. lecba

95
Q

lecba peptickych vredu

A

antacida, H2antihistaminika (famotidin), inhibitory protonove pumpy, lecba helicobacter pyroli

96
Q

lecba chronic zanetl onem strev

A

aminosalicylaty, kortikoidy, imunosuprese

97
Q

typy fytofarmak

A

glykosidy (trezalka), trisloviny (dub), alkaloidy (opium, kava), silice, balzamy, pryskyr (terpentin), ruzne

98
Q

typy psychofarmak (9 typu)

A

psychostimul, hypnotika/sedativa, celk. anestetika, antidepresiva, anxiolytika, antimanika, antipsychotika/neuroleptika, halucinogeny, kognitiva

99
Q

na akutni dnavy zachvat

A

NSAID, kolchicin (protizanetl), glukokortikoidy

100
Q

leciva snizujici cholesteol

A

iontomenice (snizeni absorpce sterolu - ezetimib), statiny, zvyseni clearance (dnes uz ne)

101
Q

snizeni plazmat triacylglyceridu

A

niacin, fibraty

102
Q

ucinky serotoninu a antiserotoninergika

A

ucinky: agregace desticek, vazokonstrikce, stimul peristaltiky, nevolnost a zvraceni, nalada, potlac bolesti, navozeni spanku
anti: antihistaminikum 1. gen., ?

103
Q

psychostimulancia

A

ketamin, efedrin, BZD?? - ketamin asi ne…

104
Q

vysoka vazba na plazmat bilkoviny

A

warfarin, diazepam, fenytoin

105
Q

NSAID na spasticke bolesti

106
Q

inhalacni anestetika

A

diethylether, fluorocen, chloroform, N2O

107
Q

akutni SS

A

kardioglykosidy, beta1 mimet (dopamin), inhib PDE3, calcium sensitizers

108
Q

atypicka antipsychotika

A

clozapin, olanzapin, risperidon

109
Q

SSRI

A

leky prvni volby, fluoxetin, fluvoxamin

110
Q

antidotum BZD

A

flumazenil

111
Q

antidotum heparinu

A

protamin sulfat

112
Q

antiemetika (typy)

A

H1 antag, D2 antag, seroton. antg., kortiokosteroidy, kanabinoidy, BZD

113
Q

dulezitost individualniho davkovani

A

warfarin, 6merkaptopurin, fluorouracil, klopidogrel

114
Q

neselektivni alfa sympatolytika

A

fentolamin, tolazolin

farmakologie (3 decks)

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