OB/GYN/Renal

Question 1

fibrocystic breast disorder

Answer 1

fluid-filled breast cyst due to exaggerated response to hormones

Question 2

features of fibrocystic breast disorder

Answer 2

cysts may increase/decrease size with menstrual hormonal changes
TENDER, BL, often multiple
mobile, well-demarcated

Question 3

diagnosis of fibrocystic breast disorder

Answer 3

US

bx shows straw-colored fluid (no blood)

Question 4

treatment of fibrocystic breast disorder

Answer 4

most resolve spontaneously

+/- FNA fluid removal

Question 5

smooth, well-circumscribed mobile rubbery lump of breast

Answer 5

fibroadenoma of the breast

Question 6

T/F fibroadenoma of the breast change with menstruation?

Answer 6

FALSE

Question 7

treatment of fibroadenomas

Answer 7

most resorb over time

Question 8

inflammation of breast often in lactating women

Answer 8

infective mastitis

Question 9

MC organism of mastitis

Answer 9

Staph aureus

Question 10

congestive mastitis

Answer 10

BL breast enlargement 2-3d post-partum

Question 11

infective mastitis features

Answer 11

UL breast pain
nipple d/c
tenderness, warmth, swelling

Question 12

treatment for infectious mastitis

Answer 12

supportive (warm compress)

anti-staph abx (ie. cephalosporin, nafcillin)

Question 13

can you continue to nurse/breast pump if you have infectious mastitis?

Answer 13

YES

Question 14

can you continue to nurse/breast pump if you have a breast abscess

Answer 14

NO

Question 15

MC type of breast CA

Answer 15

infiltrative ductal carcinoma (75%)

Question 16

BRCA1 and BRCA2 show increased risk for what cancers?

Answer 16

breast and ovarian

Question 17

signs/sxs of breast CA

Answer 17

painless, hard, fixed (non-mobile) lump

often bloody UL nipple d/c

Question 18

MC location of breast CA

Answer 18

upper outer quadrant

Question 19

skin changes in breast CA

Answer 19

asymmetric redness
dimpling (Cooper’s ligament involvement)
changes in size/contour
peau d’orange (due to lymphatic obstruction - POOR)

Question 20

Paget’s disease of nipple

Answer 20

chronic eczematous itchy, scaling rash on the nipples and areola

Question 21

diagnosis of breast CA

Answer 21

mammogram
US
biopsy

Question 22

initial test for women <40yo with breast mass

Answer 22

US

Question 23

treatment of breast CA

Answer 23

lumpectomy + radiation therapy (preserves breast)
mastectomy
removal of regional (axillary) lymph nodes

Question 24

estrogen-dependent breast CA medication

Answer 24

Tamoxifen (SERM)

Question 25

best screening test for breast CA and guidelines

Answer 25

mammogram annually after 40yo (ACS) Q2yr starting at 50yo (40yo if risk factors) - USPSTF

Question 26

MC side of testicular CA

Answer 26

right

Question 27

big risk factor for testicular CA

Answer 27

cryptorchidism

Question 28

MC type of testicular CA

Answer 28

germinal cell - seminoma (hypoechoic mass on US)

Question 29

painless testicular nodule solid mass or enlargement +/- hydrocele, gynecomastia

Answer 29

testicular CA

Question 30

diagnosis of testicular CA

Answer 30

``` scrotal US serum studies (AFP, hCG, LDH) ```

Question 31

treatment of testicular CA

Answer 31

orchiectomy + radiation

Question 32

MC type of bladder CA

Answer 32

transitional cell | HIGH RATE OF RECURRENCE

Question 33

risks for bladder CA

Answer 33

smoking white males occupational exposure cyclophosphamide

Question 34

painless microscopic or gross hematuria often terminal +/- irritative symptoms

Answer 34

bladder CA

Question 35

diagnosis of bladder CA

Answer 35

cystoscopy with biopsy

Question 36

treatment for localized/superficial bladder CA

Answer 36

transurethral resection

Question 37

MC kidney CA

Answer 37

renal cell carcinoma

Question 38

why is the proximal convoluted renal tubule the MC site of tumor

Answer 38

most metabolically active

Question 39

sxs of renal cell carcinoma

Answer 39

classic triad: hematuria flank/abd pain palpable mass HTN and hypercalcemia common

Question 40

diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma

Answer 40

CT scan

Question 41

treatment for renal cell carcinoma

Answer 41

radical nephrectomy if localized

Question 42

what is a Wilms tumor

Answer 42

nephroblastoma

Question 43

who is Wilms tumor MC found in

Answer 43

children in first 5 yrs of life

Question 44

sxs of Wilms tumor

Answer 44

painless, palpable abd mass hematuria HTN (increased renin from tumor) anemia

Question 45

treatment for Wilms tumor

Answer 45

nephrectomy followed by chemo

Question 46

MC cause of secondary HTN

Answer 46

``` renovascular HTN (via renal artery stenosis) --> increased RAAS activation ```