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Surgery EOR > Derm/Endo > Flashcards

Derm/Endo Flashcards

1
Q

erythematous and edematous plaques with grayish center OR frank bullae

A

fixed drug eruption

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2
Q

what drugs most commonly cause exanthematous/morbiliform rash?

A

abx
NSAIDs
allopurinol
thiazides

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3
Q

erythematous plaque raised with central pallor
intensely pruritic
blanchable

A

urticaria

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4
Q

red man syndrome

A

vancomycin - rapid IV infusion

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5
Q

treatment for urticaria

A

STOP OFFENDING AGENT
2nd generation H1 (ie. certirizine)
+/- H2 blocker
glucocorticoid if severe

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6
Q

treatment for anaphylaxis

A

epinephrine

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7
Q

silver sulfadiazine cream

A

deep partial thickness and 3rd degree burns

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8
Q

what should you consider in all burn patients

A

tetanus booster

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9
Q

what is the most painful burn?

A

superficial partial thickness

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10
Q

what burns do blisters form?

A

partial thickness

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11
Q

at what level burn do you lose capillary refill?

A

deep partial thickness

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12
Q

deep infection of dermal and subQ tissues

A

cellulitis

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13
Q

MC causative organism of cellulitis

A

Staph aureus

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14
Q

erysipelas

A

superficial version of cellulitis

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15
Q

treatment for cellulitis

A

7-1o days abx (ie. keflex)

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16
Q

treatment for animal bites

A

Augmentin

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17
Q

what type of reaction is urticaria

A

type 1 hypersensitivity (IgE)

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18
Q

MC skin cancer in US

A

basal cell carcinoma

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19
Q

BCC features

A

slow-growing
locally invasive
low incidence of metastasis

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20
Q

pearly/waxy papule with central ulceration
raised, rolled borders
friable (bleeds easy)

A

BCC

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21
Q

diagnosis of BCC

A

punch/shave biopsy

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22
Q

treatment of BCC

A

electric desiccation/curettage

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23
Q

skin cancer: _ is often preceded by _

A 
squamous cell carcinoma
actinic keratosis (also HPV infection)
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24
Q

hyperkeratosis and ulceration

red, elevated nodule

A

SCC

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25
treatment for SCC
excision (Moh's if recurrent/aggressive)
26
UV radiation associated with 80% of cases
malignant melanoma
27
ABCDE of melanoma
``` asymmetry irregular borders color variation diameter >6mm evolution (rapid change of appearance) ```
28
what is the most important prognostic factor for METS of malignant melanoma?
thickness
29
diagnosis of malignant melanoma
full-thickness biopsy (SHAVE DISCOURAGED)
30
rule of 9's
``` 18 front (9 chest, 9 abdomen) 18 back 9 each arm total 9 each leg front 9 each leg back 9 head total 1 genitalia ```
31
Parkland formula
LR 4ml/kg/%TSA 1/2 in first 8 hours other 1/2 in next 16 hours
32
big risk of electrical burns
rhabdomyolysis | UA = myoglobinuria
33
pressure ulcer stage I
superficial, nonblanchable redness
34
pressure ulcer stage II
damage into the dermis | resembles blister or abrasion
35
pressure ulcer stage III
full thickness and may extend into subQ
36
pressure ulcer stage IV
deepest, extending into muscle/tendon/bone
37
heat intolerance
hyperthyroidism
38
symptoms of hyperthyroidism
``` weight loss hyperactivity (TREMORS) tachycardia palpitations diarrhea hyperglycemia ```
39
Graves' Disease features
lid lag exophthalmos pretibial myxedema
40
antibodies for Graves
TRAb (thyroid receptor antibodies)
41
treatment for Graves
methimazole/PTU radioactive iodine (destroys gland) BB - symptomatic treatment
42
SE of PTU
agranulocytosis
43
bitemporal hemaniopsia
pituitary adenoma
44
symptoms of hypothyroid
``` cold intolerance weight gain fatigue constipation bradycardia decreased DTR (hypoactive) ```
45
antibodies for Hashimoto's
TPO (antithyroid peroxidase) | Tg (anti-thyroglobulin)
46
treatment for Hashimoto
levothyroxine
47
MC cause of primary hyperparathyroidism
parathyroid adenoma causing increased PTH production
48
MC cause secondary hyperparathyroidism
chronic kidney failure | increased PTH due to decreased vitamin D production or hypocalcemia
49
symptoms of primary hyperparathyroidism
HYPERCALCEMIA stones, bones, abdominal groans and psychiatric moans decreased DTR increased excitations threshold for heart, nerves and muscles
50
diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism
hypercalcemia decreased phosphate (inverse of Ca) increased iPTH
51
treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism
parathyroidectomy
52
treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism
vitD/Ca supplement
53
symptoms of thyroid nodules
COMPRESSIVE dysphagia neck/jaw/ear pain hoarseness
54
T/F, most thyroid nodules are benign
TRUE | malignant nodule = rapid growth, fixed in place
55
what does is mean to be a "cold nodule"
no iodine uptake | highly suspicious for malignancy!
56
thyroid function tests in thyroid cancer reveal?
euthyroid
57
MC type of thyroid nodule and in what population
papillary | young females
58
risk factor for papillary thyroid nodule
radiation exposure
59
most aggressive thyroid cancer
anapestic | worse prognosis
60
treatment of most thyroid cancers
total thyroidectomy | subtotal thyroidectomy with radio iodine therapy and thyroid suppression with thyroid hormones
61
distant METS are common for which type of thyroid cancer?
follicular
62
medullary thyroid cancer is MC associated with what condition?
MEN II (multiple endocrine neoplasia)
63
treatment for hypercalcemia
furosemide (AVOID thiazides) | calcitonin or bisphosphonates if severe
64
what is a pheochromocytoma?
catecholamine-secreting adrenal tumor (NE and epi) | 90% are BENIGN
65
symptoms of pheochromocytoma
secondary HTN | "PHE" - palpitations, headaches, excessive sweating
66
diagnosis of pheochromocytoma
increased 24h urine catecholamines including metabolites (i.e. metanephrine)
67
treatment of pheochromocytoma
alpha blockade (phenocybensamine/phentolamine x7-14d) THEN beta blockers to control HTN complete adenalectomy
68
Adrenocortical carcinomas (ACCs) are rare, often aggressive tumors that may be functional and cause Cushing's syndrome (cortisol-secreting tumor) and/or virilization
FACT
69
multiple endocrine neoplasia I (MEN I)
rare inherited d/o of 1+ overactive endocrine gland tumors
70
endocrine gland tumors
3 P's parathyroid pancreas pituitary
71
MEN I symptoms
``` hyperparathyroidism (i.e. hypercalcemia) - 90% pancreatic tumors = highest malignant potential (i.e. zollinger ellison syndrome = gastrinomas) pituitary adenomas (MC prolactinomas) ```
72
multiple endocrine neoplasia II (MEN II)
medullary thyroid carcinoma pheochromocytoma hyperparathyroidism

Surgery EOR (5 decks)

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