Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Surgery EOR > GI/Nutrition > Flashcards

GI/Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

cause of esophageal strictures

A

increased acid exposure
long standing GERD
esophageal cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

insidious onset of progressive dysphagia (solid foods –> liquids)

A

esophageal strictures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

diagnosis and treatment of esophageal strictures

A

endoscopy

dilation and antacid (PPI)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

rapidly progressive dysphagia

+/- CP, anemia, weight loss, odynophagia

A

esophageal cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

most common type of esophageal cancer

A

SCC (often due to smoking and EtOH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Barrett’s esophagitis

A

can lead to adenocarcinoma of esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is a hiatal hernia

A

herniation of elements of abdominal cavity through esophageal hiatus (T10) of diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

most common type of hiatal hernia

A

sliding&raquo_space; paraesophageal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

treatment of hiatal hernia

A

control GERD

surgery if symptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

most common cause of UGI bleed

A

PUD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

causes of PUD

A

MC = H. pylori
NSAIDs
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrin-secreting neuroendocrine tumor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

symptoms improve with food

worse at night

A

duodenal ulcer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

symptoms worsen 1-2 hours after meal

A

gastric ulcer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

diagnosis of PUD

A

EGD +/- biopsy

rapid urease test/urea breath test for H. pylori

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

treatment of H. pylori

A

CAP

clarithromycin + amoxicillin (or metronidazole) + PPI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sister Mary Joseph’s node

Virchow’s node

A

periumbilical

left supraclavicular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

H. pylori is a risk factor for?

A

gastric CA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

MC type of gastric CA

A

adenocarcinoma (often advanced at time of presentation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

symptoms of gastric CA

A

weight loss (anorexia, dysphagia)
persistent epigastric abd pain
+/- occult GI bleed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

projectile, nonbilious vomiting often 3-12wk old

A

pyloric stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

palpable olive-like mass in RUQ

A

pyloric stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

diagnosis of pyloric stenosis

A

TOC = abdominal US

UGI contrast = string sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

cause of pyloric stenosis in adults

A

chronic PUD

malignancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

risks for cholecystitis

A

fat, forty, fertile, female, fair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
RUQ/epigastric pain especially after a fatty/large meal
cholecystitis
26
Courvoisier's sign
palpable GB
27
Murphy's sign
pain with palpation of liver on inspiration
28
diagnostic TOC for cholecystitis
US GB | HIDA scan = gold standard
29
treatment for cholecystitis
admit NPO, fluids, abx (rocephin + flagyl) | cholecystectomy
30
treatment of choledocholithiasis
ERCP
31
Charcot's triad
fever RUQ pain jaundice (cholangitis)
32
Charcot's triad + ? = Reynolds pentad
AMS | hypotension
33
cholestasis (labs)
increased LFTs | direct bilirubin, ALP, +/- ALT/AST
34
treatment of cholangitis
ERCP diagnostic and therapeutic | ultimately cholecystectomy
35
common cause of hepatic carcinoma (HCC)
chronic liver disease (esp. Hep B and C)
36
symptoms of HCC
``` jaundice ascites encephalopathy early satiety, weight loss, upper bad pain esophageal varices (due to portal HTN) ```
37
diagnosis of HCC
high risk = US surveillance Q6mo contrast MRI/CT AFP (>500 can be diagnostic)
38
other risks of HCC
``` DM smoking NAFLD alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency hereditary hemochromatosis (Fe build up) ```
39
common cause of pancreatitis
EtOH gallstones (also hypertriglyceridemia)
40
acute, constant, boring epigastric pain that radiates to the back worse supine and alleviated with sitting/leaning forward
acute pancreatitis
41
Cullen's | Grey-Turner's
periumbilical ecchymosis | flank
42
diagnosis of pancreatitis
abd CT with contrast lipase elevated ALT suggest gallstone
43
treatment for acute pancreatitis
"rest" via NPO, fluids and pain meds
44
complication of acute pancreatitis
pancreatic pseudocyst
45
treatment of pancreatic pseudocyst
``` min/asxs = watchful waiting (40% resolve spon) sxs = drainage - surgical/endo/percutaneous ```
46
MC pancreatic carcinoma
ductal adenocarcinoma
47
pain that radiates to the back jaundice, dark urine, pruritic weight loss fatigue/anorexia
pancreatic carcinoma symptoms
48
diagnosis of pancreatic CA
abd CT with contrast | biopsy
49
treatment of pancreatic CA
Whipple | ERCP + stent if inoperable
50
periumbilical pain that radiates to RLQ | n/v
acute appendicitis
51
diagnosis of acute appendicitis
CT abd/pelvis with contrast
52
MC location of diverticula
sigmoid
53
risks od diverticulitis
low fiber diet constipation obesity
54
MC cause of acute lower GI bleed
diverticulitis
55
fever and LLQ pain
diverticulitis
56
diagnosis of diverticulitis
CT abd/pelvis with contrast | guaiac
57
treatment of diverticulitis
cipro + flagyl
58
uniform inflammation of mucosa and submucosa
ulcerative colitis
59
LLQ pain, bloody diarrhea and tenesmus
UC
60
complications of UC
primary sclerosino colangiti toxic megacolon colon CA
61
diagnosis of UC
flex sigmoidoscopy | biopsy is definitive
62
treatment of UC
aminosalicylates (ie. mesalamine) steroids for flares immunomodulators surgery can be curative
63
transmural "skip lesions" mouth --> anus cobblestone appearance fistulas
Crohn's disease
64
MC location of Crohn's
terminal ileum (RLQ)
65
RLQ pain nocturnal diarrhea aphthous ulcers (canker sore) episcleritis, arthritis, erythema nodosum
Crohn's
66
diagnosis of Crohn's
colonoscopy
67
treatment of Crohn's
same as UC: mesalamine, steroids
68
non obstructive severe colon dilation | + signs of systemic toxicity
toxic megacolon
69
causes of toxic megacolon
IBD pseudomembranous colitis infection, Hirschsprung's dz
70
diagnosis of toxic megacolon
x-ray
71
tx of toxic megacolon
bowel decompression
72
barium enema showing apple core lesion
colorectal carcinoma
73
HNPCC (Lynch Syndrome)
asxs until signs of CRC GI bleed, abd pain, change in bowel habits also increased risk of endometrial CA (and small bowel carcinoma)
74
>100 colorectal adenomatous polyps | primarily in large intestine but also in duodenum
familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)
75
risks of small bowel carcinoma
chronic inflammation (IBD, celiacs) obesity smoking
76
colonoscopy with biopsy
diagnosis for both small bowel carcinoma and CRC
77
MC cause of SBO
post-op adhesions
78
crampy abdominal pain vomiting constipation/obstipation abdominal distention
SBO
79
diagnosis of SBO
abd x-ray supine and upright (look for free air) | CT without contrast if high suspicion
80
treatment for SBO
NPO, fluids NG tube to decompress +/- surgery
81
MC cause of LBO
malignancy
82
MC location of volvulus
sigmoid
83
volvulus is ?
twisting of bowel in itself causing a decrease in blood flow
84
"birds beak" on CT or contrast enema
volvulus
85
treatment for volvulus
flex sigmoidoscopy | resect later once stable to prevent future volvulus
86
MC cause of rectal bleeding
hemorrhoids
87
non-painful, bright red rectal bleeding | +/- pruritis
internal hemorrhoids
88
perianal pain worse with defecation | rectal bleeding
external hemorrhoids
89
treatment options for hemorrhoids
high fiber diet, warm sitz baths rubber band ligation (grade II/III internal) surgical if persistent, thrombosed or mixed internal/external
90
severe pain with BM | 80% resolve spontaneously
anal fissure
91
severe, sharp anal pain | palpable, tender, fluctuant mass
anal abscess
92
treatment for anal abscess
I&D without abx
93
chronic pus drainage +/- stool | cord-like tract on DRE
anal fistula
94
treatment for anal fistula
fistulotomy and Seton placement
95
MC hernia
indirect
96
restrictive and malabsorptive bariatric surgery
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
97
positive outcomes for bariatric surgery
increased fertility | decreased risk for GDM, pre-eclampsia and macrosomia
98
MC nutritional problem after bariatric surgery
iron deficiency
99
tumor marker associated with colon cancer
CEA
100
tumor marker associated with pancreatic cancer
CA 19-9
101
tumor marker associated with hepatoma
AFP
102
MC cause of incisional hernia
wound infection

Surgery EOR (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions