Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Surgery EOR > GI/Nutrition > Flashcards

GI/Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

cause of esophageal strictures

A

increased acid exposure
long standing GERD
esophageal cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

insidious onset of progressive dysphagia (solid foods –> liquids)

A

esophageal strictures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

diagnosis and treatment of esophageal strictures

A

endoscopy

dilation and antacid (PPI)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

rapidly progressive dysphagia

+/- CP, anemia, weight loss, odynophagia

A

esophageal cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

most common type of esophageal cancer

A

SCC (often due to smoking and EtOH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Barrett’s esophagitis

A

can lead to adenocarcinoma of esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is a hiatal hernia

A

herniation of elements of abdominal cavity through esophageal hiatus (T10) of diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

most common type of hiatal hernia

A

sliding&raquo_space; paraesophageal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

treatment of hiatal hernia

A

control GERD

surgery if symptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

most common cause of UGI bleed

A

PUD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

causes of PUD

A

MC = H. pylori
NSAIDs
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrin-secreting neuroendocrine tumor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

symptoms improve with food

worse at night

A

duodenal ulcer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

symptoms worsen 1-2 hours after meal

A

gastric ulcer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

diagnosis of PUD

A

EGD +/- biopsy

rapid urease test/urea breath test for H. pylori

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

treatment of H. pylori

A

CAP

clarithromycin + amoxicillin (or metronidazole) + PPI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sister Mary Joseph’s node

Virchow’s node

A

periumbilical

left supraclavicular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

H. pylori is a risk factor for?

A

gastric CA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

MC type of gastric CA

A

adenocarcinoma (often advanced at time of presentation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

symptoms of gastric CA

A

weight loss (anorexia, dysphagia)
persistent epigastric abd pain
+/- occult GI bleed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

projectile, nonbilious vomiting often 3-12wk old

A

pyloric stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

palpable olive-like mass in RUQ

A

pyloric stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

diagnosis of pyloric stenosis

A

TOC = abdominal US

UGI contrast = string sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

cause of pyloric stenosis in adults

A

chronic PUD

malignancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

risks for cholecystitis

A

fat, forty, fertile, female, fair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

RUQ/epigastric pain especially after a fatty/large meal

A

cholecystitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Courvoisier’s sign

A

palpable GB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Murphy’s sign

A

pain with palpation of liver on inspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

diagnostic TOC for cholecystitis

A

US GB

HIDA scan = gold standard

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

treatment for cholecystitis

A

admit NPO, fluids, abx (rocephin + flagyl)

cholecystectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

treatment of choledocholithiasis

A

ERCP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Charcot’s triad

A

fever
RUQ pain
jaundice
(cholangitis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Charcot’s triad + ? = Reynolds pentad

A

AMS

hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

cholestasis (labs)

A

increased LFTs

direct bilirubin, ALP, +/- ALT/AST

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

treatment of cholangitis

A

ERCP diagnostic and therapeutic

ultimately cholecystectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

common cause of hepatic carcinoma (HCC)

A

chronic liver disease (esp. Hep B and C)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

symptoms of HCC

A 
jaundice
ascites
encephalopathy
early satiety, weight loss, upper bad pain
esophageal varices (due to portal HTN)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

diagnosis of HCC

A

high risk = US surveillance Q6mo
contrast MRI/CT
AFP (>500 can be diagnostic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

other risks of HCC

A 
DM
smoking
NAFLD
alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
hereditary hemochromatosis (Fe build up)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

common cause of pancreatitis

A

EtOH
gallstones
(also hypertriglyceridemia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

acute, constant, boring epigastric pain that radiates to the back
worse supine and alleviated with sitting/leaning forward

A

acute pancreatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Cullen’s

Grey-Turner’s

A

periumbilical ecchymosis

flank

42
Q

diagnosis of pancreatitis

A

abd CT with contrast
lipase
elevated ALT suggest gallstone

43
Q

treatment for acute pancreatitis

A

“rest” via NPO, fluids and pain meds

44
Q

complication of acute pancreatitis

A

pancreatic pseudocyst

45
Q

treatment of pancreatic pseudocyst

A 
min/asxs = watchful waiting (40% resolve spon)
sxs = drainage - surgical/endo/percutaneous
46
Q

MC pancreatic carcinoma

A

ductal adenocarcinoma

47
Q

pain that radiates to the back
jaundice, dark urine, pruritic
weight loss
fatigue/anorexia

A

pancreatic carcinoma symptoms

48
Q

diagnosis of pancreatic CA

A

abd CT with contrast

biopsy

49
Q

treatment of pancreatic CA

A

Whipple

ERCP + stent if inoperable

50
Q

periumbilical pain that radiates to RLQ

n/v

A

acute appendicitis

51
Q

diagnosis of acute appendicitis

A

CT abd/pelvis with contrast

52
Q

MC location of diverticula

A

sigmoid

53
Q

risks od diverticulitis

A

low fiber diet
constipation
obesity

54
Q

MC cause of acute lower GI bleed

A

diverticulitis

55
Q

fever and LLQ pain

A

diverticulitis

56
Q

diagnosis of diverticulitis

A

CT abd/pelvis with contrast

guaiac

57
Q

treatment of diverticulitis

A

cipro + flagyl

58
Q

uniform inflammation of mucosa and submucosa

A

ulcerative colitis

59
Q

LLQ pain, bloody diarrhea and tenesmus

A

UC

60
Q

complications of UC

A

primary sclerosino colangiti
toxic megacolon
colon CA

61
Q

diagnosis of UC

A

flex sigmoidoscopy

biopsy is definitive

62
Q

treatment of UC

A

aminosalicylates (ie. mesalamine)
steroids for flares
immunomodulators
surgery can be curative

63
Q

transmural
“skip lesions” mouth –> anus
cobblestone appearance
fistulas

A

Crohn’s disease

64
Q

MC location of Crohn’s

A

terminal ileum (RLQ)

65
Q

RLQ pain
nocturnal diarrhea
aphthous ulcers (canker sore)
episcleritis, arthritis, erythema nodosum

A

Crohn’s

66
Q

diagnosis of Crohn’s

A

colonoscopy

67
Q

treatment of Crohn’s

A

same as UC: mesalamine, steroids

68
Q

non obstructive severe colon dilation

+ signs of systemic toxicity

A

toxic megacolon

69
Q

causes of toxic megacolon

A

IBD
pseudomembranous colitis
infection, Hirschsprung’s dz

70
Q

diagnosis of toxic megacolon

A

x-ray

71
Q

tx of toxic megacolon

A

bowel decompression

72
Q

barium enema showing apple core lesion

A

colorectal carcinoma

73
Q

HNPCC (Lynch Syndrome)

A

asxs until signs of CRC
GI bleed, abd pain, change in bowel habits

also increased risk of endometrial CA (and small bowel carcinoma)

74
Q

> 100 colorectal adenomatous polyps

primarily in large intestine but also in duodenum

A

familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)

75
Q

risks of small bowel carcinoma

A

chronic inflammation (IBD, celiacs)
obesity
smoking

76
Q

colonoscopy with biopsy

A

diagnosis for both small bowel carcinoma and CRC

77
Q

MC cause of SBO

A

post-op adhesions

78
Q

crampy abdominal pain
vomiting
constipation/obstipation
abdominal distention

A

SBO

79
Q

diagnosis of SBO

A

abd x-ray supine and upright (look for free air)

CT without contrast if high suspicion

80
Q

treatment for SBO

A

NPO, fluids
NG tube to decompress
+/- surgery

81
Q

MC cause of LBO

A

malignancy

82
Q

MC location of volvulus

A

sigmoid

83
Q

volvulus is ?

A

twisting of bowel in itself causing a decrease in blood flow

84
Q

“birds beak” on CT or contrast enema

A

volvulus

85
Q

treatment for volvulus

A

flex sigmoidoscopy

resect later once stable to prevent future volvulus

86
Q

MC cause of rectal bleeding

A

hemorrhoids

87
Q

non-painful, bright red rectal bleeding

+/- pruritis

A

internal hemorrhoids

88
Q

perianal pain worse with defecation

rectal bleeding

A

external hemorrhoids

89
Q

treatment options for hemorrhoids

A

high fiber diet, warm sitz baths
rubber band ligation (grade II/III internal)
surgical if persistent, thrombosed or mixed internal/external

90
Q

severe pain with BM

80% resolve spontaneously

A

anal fissure

91
Q

severe, sharp anal pain

palpable, tender, fluctuant mass

A

anal abscess

92
Q

treatment for anal abscess

A

I&D without abx

93
Q

chronic pus drainage +/- stool

cord-like tract on DRE

A

anal fistula

94
Q

treatment for anal fistula

A

fistulotomy and Seton placement

95
Q

MC hernia

A

indirect

96
Q

restrictive and malabsorptive bariatric surgery

A

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

97
Q

positive outcomes for bariatric surgery

A

increased fertility

decreased risk for GDM, pre-eclampsia and macrosomia

98
Q

MC nutritional problem after bariatric surgery

A

iron deficiency

99
Q

tumor marker associated with colon cancer

A

CEA

100
Q

tumor marker associated with pancreatic cancer

A

CA 19-9

101
Q

tumor marker associated with hepatoma

A

AFP

102
Q

MC cause of incisional hernia

A

wound infection

Surgery EOR (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions