OB/GYN

Question 1

What are early decelerations and what do they signify?

Answer 1

Head compression

Decrease in HR occuring with contractions

Question 2

What are late decelerations and what do they signify?

Answer 2

Uterine-placental insufficiency
Fetal Hypoxia
Decrease in HR after contraction has started

Question 3

What are variable decelerations and what do they signify?

Answer 3

Umbilical cord compression
Several is non-reassuring
Decrease in HR & return to baseline with no relationship to contraction

Question 4

When can a gestational sac be observed via U/S?

Answer 4

Beta-HCG of 1000 - 1500IU/mL

or at 5 weeks

Question 5

What are the normal physiologic changes in pregnancy for Cardiology?

Answer 5

Increased CO
Increased HR (due to CO)
Slightly decreased BP

Question 6

What are the normal physiologic changes in pregnancy for GI?

Answer 6

Morning Sickness (2/2 increases in estrogen, progesterone & b-HCG from placenta)
Gastroesophageal reflux (LE decreased tone)
Constipation (Decreased motility of large intestine)

Question 7

What are the normal physiologic changes in pregnancy for Renal?

Answer 7

Increased risk for Pyelonephritis 2/2 increased size of kidneys and ureters.
Increase in GFR
Decrease in BUN/Creatinine

Question 8

What are the normal physiologic changes in pregnancy for Hematology?

Answer 8

Anemia 2/2 increase in plasma volume
Hypercoagulable state
No increase in PT, PTT, or INR
Increase in fibrinogen

Question 9

What should U/S be performed to confirm gestational age?

Answer 9

Between 11 and 14 weeks

Question 10

A thickened or enlarged nuchal translucency is an indication of what?

Answer 10

Down Syndrome

Question 11

When should the Triple or Quad screen be performed?

Answer 11

15 to 20 weeks

Question 12

What do the Triple and Quad screen test?

Answer 12

MSAFP, beta-HCG, estriol

inhibin A

Question 13

What are the main known side effects of Oral Contraceptive use?

Answer 13

Break through bleeding
Amenorrhea
Hypertension
Venous thromboembolic disease
Decreased risk of ovarian and endometrial cancer
Increased risk of cervical cancer
Hepatic adenoma (liver disorders)

Question 14

What are the female offspring of DES mothers at risk for?

Answer 14

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina & cervix
Cervical anomalies (hypoplasia)
Uterine malformation (T-shaped/small uterine cavity)

Question 15

What is a sign of fetal distress?

Answer 15

Repetitive decelerations

Emergent C-section should be performed