OB Final Images Flashcards
Boy! “Turtle sign”
Long kidney. (c)=renal cortex, arrowhead=pelvis, (p)=pyramids, (r)=rib
kidneys
What are the markers measuring?
Anterior posterior diameter of the renal pelvis
keyhole bladder; enlarged bladder and urethra
Keyhole bladder; posterior urethral valve obstruction
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease. A, Kidneys are enlarged with increased echogenicity
Unilateral multicystic kidney (arrows). Note the varying sizes of the cysts (c) and the normal contralateral kidney (k).
Unilateral dysplastic multicystic kidney (arrows). The contralateral kidney appear normal
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Keyhole bladder, dilated ureters
Unilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction showing collection of urine within the renal pelvis, communicating with the renal calyces
Measurement of the renal pelvic diameter is measured in the A-P direction (cursors).
Massively dilated renal pelvis (kidney) shown in a transverse plane
renal cyst ruptured, with only a small, upper-pole cyst (calipers) evident. A urinoma was suspected
Bilateral megaureters (hydroureters) (h) noted in an axial pelvic view. Partial blockage to the posterior urethra was found after birth
Posterior urethral valve syndrome, showing abnormally distended bladder with a keyhole urethra
thanatophoric dysplasia; right arm demonstrates micromelia
thanatophoric dysplasia; note the narrow thorax
Achondrogenesis
Achondrogenesis
Osteogenesis imperfecta (type II), small thoracic cavity (arrows) is shown. ABD=abdomen
Osteogenesis imperfecta; femoral fracture is shown (arrow)
Osteogenesis imperfecta; hypomineralization of the skull is evident.
Diastrophic Dysplasia; micromelia is demonstrated in this femur measurement
Camptomelic Dysplasia; bowing of the femur
Camptomelic Dysplasia; bowing of the tibia
Short-Rib Polydactyly Syndrome
Caudal Regression Syndrome/Sirenomelia
Postural Anomalies–Pena-Shokeir Syndrome
Limb anomaly–polydactyly
Polydactyly
Talipes
Omphalocele; arrows show the covering membrane projecting from the umbilical area
Gastroschisis
Abdominal ascites surrounding the small bowel (Sm); heart (h); liver (L); spine (S)
Gallbladder showing gallstones in the neonate
Meconium accumulates in the fetal bowel and is seen sonographically as echogenic reflections (notice shadowing) within the peristaltic small bowel
Fetal ascites (as) surrounds the umbilical vein (uv). Liver (l)
Ascites (as) completely surrounds the liver (L) and falciform ligament (FL). B, Bowel
Fetal heart and foramen ovale. The left atrial cavity is generally about the same size as the right atrial cavity. In utero the foramen opens toward the left atrium
Three of the four pulmonary veins (PV) enter the left atrial cavity
LVOT, aorta
LVOT
RVOT
Ductal Arch view
Umbilical cord as it exits placenta surface
Umbilical cord as it exits placenta surface
Omphalomesenteric Cyst
Umbilical cord knots
Nuchal Cord
Single Umbilical Artery
Amniotic Fluid mixed w/ partical matter or vernix
Amniotic Fluid mixed w/ particla matter or vernix
Premature rupture of membranes with oligohydramnios. s=spine
Amniotic Band Syndrome. Entanglement of the bands around soft tissue is usually seen as an indentation of the soft tissue surrounded by edema
Amniotic Sheets and Synechiae (arrow)
Thanatophoric dysplasia with a clover-leaf skull or Kleeblattschädel
Sagittal view of a fetus with premature closure of the metopic suture, which elongated and flattened the fetal forehead
Abnormalities of the facial profile–A fetus affected by familial midface hypoplasia
Abnormalities of the facial profile–A fetus with trisomy 21 (Down syndrome )
Abnormalities of the facial profile–mild frontal bossing
Abnormalities of the facial profile–Absent nasal bone
Beckwith-Weidemann syndrome
Beckwith-Weidemann syndrome
micrognathia
Cyclopia with a small proboscis
Cystic Hygroma
Large cystic hygroma
Anencephaly
Anencephaly
Acrania
Cephalocele
Spina bifida w/meningocele
Spina bifida w/meningomyelocele
Spina bifida w/myeloschisis
Meningomyelocele with the spinal splaying appearing as a V
Meningomyelocele identified in a fetus; note the neural elements protruding into the sac
Spina bifida with a U-shaped configuration and an open cleft in the skin
Abnormally shaped cerebellum “banana sign”
Note the lemon-shaped frontal bones consistent with frontal bossing
Dandy-Walker cyst. Note the splayed cerebellar hemispheres
Dandy-Walker malformation (A) and ventriculomegaly
semilobar holoprosencephaly
Facial features of holoprosencephaly
Trisomy 18=Edwards Syndrome; note the bilateral choroid plexus cysts
A porencephalic cyst identified communicating with the lateral ventricle
Multiple arachnoid cysts
Holoprosencephaly w/ massive collection of cerebrospinal fluid
Ventriculomegaly
Ventriculomegaly caused by spina bifida. The anterior choroid plexus “dangles” into the posterior ventricle
Longitudinal scan of the diaphragm as it separates the thoracic from the abdominal cavities
Fetal chest and abdomen shows the homogeneous, moderately echogenic texture of the lungs. Lu=lungs; L=liver; d=diaphragm; h=heart
Bronchogenic cyst
Bronchogenic cyst
Hydrothorax
Bilateral pleural effusion
Bilateral pleural effusion
Extralobar sequestration
Extralobar/pulmonary sequestration
Cystic adenomatoid malformation
Type I cystic adenomatoid malformation: one or more large cysts
Type II: multiple cystic areas under 1 cm in size.
Cystic adenomatoid malformation type III: bulky large, noncystic lesions appear as echodense masses
Diaphragmatic hernia
Diaphragmatic left-sided hernia
Longitudinal scan of the right-sided diaphragmatic hernia; the liver (L) is seen in the thoracic cavity
Velamentous placenta; If the membranes cross the internal os it is known as vasa previa
Subchorionic cyst w/ internal echoes, representative of blood flow (f); Amniotic fluid (A); placenta (p)
Transverse image of the placenta as it lies along the anterior uterine wall. Sonolucencies are seen representing placental lakes (arrows).
Vasa Previa–succenturiate lobe anterior (arrow) and main placenta posterior (currved arrow)
Vasa Previa–Transvag image reveals fetal vessal (arrow) crossing the cervical os.
Placenta accreta, increta and percreta–Sonographically, the hypoechoic myometrium will appear thinned or absent with adjacent, irregular sonolucencies in the placenta
Placenta accreta, increta, and percreta–placenta and bladder. Arrows showing hypoechoic vascular lacunae; curved arrow is pointing at loss of subplacental hypoechoic zone
Placenta accreta, increta, and percreta–color Doppler shows vessels in the thinned subplacental zone (curved arrow)
Succenturiate placenta
Circummarginate Placenta
Ultrasound showing an abruption. Arrows point to the echolucent collection of blood lateral to the edge of the placenta. P, Placenta
Retroplacenta abruption–Hematoma seen separating the placenta (arrow) from the uterine wall (curved arrow)
Marginal Abruption; subchorionic bleed can be seen arising from the edge of the placenta (arrow)
Hydatidiform mole
Partial mole
Chorioangioma
Chorioangioma
