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CS&D 320 > OAEs & AEPs - exam 2 > Flashcards

OAEs & AEPs - exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

objective tests

A

not tests of hearing

can infer if the structures are working

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2
Q

immittance measurements

A

objective tests of middle ear function & acoustic reflex pathway

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3
Q

OAEs are an _____ (objective/subjective) test of _____ (middle ear, cochlear,
auditory nerve and brainstem) function

A

objective

cochlear function

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4
Q

BRs are an _____ (objective/subjective) test of _____ (middle ear, cochlear,
auditory nerve and brainstem) function

A

objective

auditory nerve & brainstem

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5
Q

OAEs

A

otoacoustic emissions

result from both OHC responses & non-linearities on the BM

OHC movement results in sound going out of the ear (anything that moves creates sounds)

sound can be reliably elicited, measured, & used diagnostically

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6
Q

OAE function

A

OHC primary sensor for sound

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7
Q

can hearing loss occur w/ normal OAEs

A

yes

retrocochlear

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8
Q

OAEs only measure afferent sound

true or false

A

false

can be used to measure both afferent (going up) & efferent (going down) auditory system

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9
Q

eliciting & measuring OAEs

A

test probe inserted & sealed into external auditory canal

probe presents signal

mic picks up emission signal which is converted into an electrical signal & measured

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10
Q

spontaneous OAEs

A

w/out any stimulation

rare

some normal cochleae produce sounds in the absence of external stimulation

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11
Q

evoked OAEs

A

purposely introduce stimulus to evoke a response

occur in response to acoustic stimulation

used clinically

transient
distortion product

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12
Q

transient evoked OAEs

A

click introduced into the ear

amplitude of response decreases

broadband stimuli & response

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13
Q

distortion product OAEs

A

2 tones that vary in freq are presented to the ear

normal cochlea will respond by producing energy at an additional freq

vary initial freqs to span the cochlea

elicited OAE depends on the ration of stimulus freqs - response occurs at 2f1-f2

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14
Q

what affects OAEs

A

any process that affects OHC function will reduce amp of OAEs

decreased or absent OAEs may precede increased thresholds on an audiogram

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15
Q

SNHL & OAEs

A

SNHL > 30 dB HL = absent or highly decreased OAEs

OAEs may still be present w/ mild SNHL

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16
Q

OAEs & tymps

A

Type B & type As tymps generally lead to absent OAEs

if OAEs are absent, always measure tymps

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17
Q

when are OAEs measured

A

universal newborn hearing screening

monitor ototoxicity

monitor noise-induced hearing loss

difficult to test pops

check behavioral thresholds

separate cochlear from retrocochlear dysfuntion

18
Q

interpretation of present OAEs

A

consistent w/ hearing thresholds of 30 dB HL or better

suggests conductive pathway is clear

does not rule out retrocochear pathology

19
Q

interpretation of abnormal or absent OAEs

A

check conductive pathway

if conductive pathway normal –> likely SNHL greater than 30 dB HL

20
Q

auditory evoked potentials

A

record neural responses evoked by a sound

test of neural synchrony

measure both latency & amp of responses

21
Q

latency

A

how long after the auditory stimulus the occurrence of the response happens

22
Q

auditory brainstem response

A

most commonly used clinically

measures early latency response to a sound

stimuli is clicks, chirps, or tone bursts

23
Q

clicks vs chirps

A

clicks - get high freq back first due to sound hitting the base of the cochlea before the peak

chirps - clicks w/ a high freq lag
stimulates entire cochlea at the same time

24
Q

wave/peak & generator

A

I: distal auditory nerve

II: proximal auditory nerve

III: cochlear nucleus

IV: superior olivary complex / lateral lemnisucs

V: lateral lemniscus / inferior colliculus

25
Q

ABR set up

A

transducer - insert headphones

surface electrodes measure neural response

26
Q

how many electrodes in ABR

A

4

right, vertex, ground, left

vertex - measures voltage drop

27
Q

ABR instructions

A

can be sleeping or anesthetized

one ear tested at a time using either clicks (1-4kHZ) or tones (more freq specific)

place electrodes on scalp (on mastoid & top of forehead / scalp)

put transducer in ear

28
Q

ABR peaks

A

characterized by latency & amp

amp - how large is the response
latency - when is the response occurring

29
Q

absolute peak latencies

A

time at which each peak occurrs

30
Q

interpeak / wave latencies

A

time between peaks

31
Q

ABR clinical applications

A

threshold estimation

newborn screening

neurodiagnostic

intraoperative monitoring

32
Q

We use wave _____ (I, III, V) for threshold estimations

A

V

“big fall”

threshold is the lowest level at which we observe an ABR

typically corresponds to within 10-15 dB of threshold in adiometry

start w/ clicks bcs biggest, most reliable response
then tones for more specific info

33
Q

what would you expect to see (amp & latency) w/ a conductive hearing loss

A

amp decrease

latency increase

34
Q

ABR newborn screening

A

typically w/ click at 35 dB

presentation level remains constant

computer determines if wave V is present or absent

results are either pass or refer

not usually completed by AuD

35
Q

intraoperative monitoring (IOM)

A

to reduce risk of neural damage during surgery, watch for
- prolongations in latency
- obliteration of wave forms
- severe reductions in amp

to determine appropriate neural site for some surgically implanted devices

36
Q

emissions present & agree w/ behavioral pure tone data

A

no immediate recommendations

37
Q

emissions present, but behavioral pure tone data suggests a HL

A

recommend ABR testing

38
Q

emissions are absent, normal ME function, behavioral pure tone data suggests HL

A

recommend ABR testing

39
Q

acoustic steady state response (ASSR)

A

stimuli is modulated by some freq

phase locking to the modulation rate & its harmonics of the carrier is encoded in neural activity

analysis is in the freq rather than the time domain

40
Q

acoustic change complex (ACC)

A

cortical potential - late latency

response to a change in an ongoing sound stream (surprise)

insensitive to attention

can be used to assess auditory discrimination ability

CS&D 320 (15 decks)

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