Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CS&D 320 > lecture 16: hearing aids - exam 3 > Flashcards

lecture 16: hearing aids - exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what is a hearing aid

A

primary treatment for hearing loss

15% of US pop. >65 wears a hearing aid

only 20% of listeners who would benefit from a hearing aid actually use one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

personal sound amplification products

A

no FDA prove

very similar to hearing aid

make sounds, particularly speech, audible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

assistive listening devices

A

often used in conjunction w/ hearing aids but not always

tech used to improve speech audibility

microphone & headphone system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

hearing assistive technology

A

ALDs & other technology that helps hard of hearing people function easier

flashing lights for telephones & doorbells
caption phones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

behind the ear HA

A

2 mics

program button –> switch to car, phone, music, etc

volume control

battery door, on/off

ear hook (outside of hear)
tubing (goes into ear) connects to same area

receiver –> speaker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

BTE advantages

A

powerful amplification

durable

appropriate for children –> can connect to teacher microphone

roomed for features

longest battery life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

BTE disadvantages

A

visibility/large size

requires ear mold & tubing –> needs to be replaced often & can only be done by AuD

limited bandwidth –> tube has a long way to travel, may block impedance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

open-fit

A

essentially same as BTE HA, but coupled w/ a dome/slim tube instead of ear mold

amplifies high freqs while allowing low freqs to be heard naturally

sloping SNHL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

open-fit advantages

A

no occlusion effect (hearing voice in your head)

cosmetic appeal

no ear mold required

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

open-fit disadvantages

A

only appropriate for mild to moderate high freq losses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

receiver in the canal (RIC)

A

most popular

same as BTE & open fit but receiver is in the ear canal

sound presented directly into ear canal rather than through a tube

dome tip or earmold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

RIC advantages

A

smaller

same advantages as open fit

theoretically larger bandwidth - receiver in ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

RIC disadvantages

A

more prone to damage from wax/moisture in the ear canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

in the ear

A

mics

program button

volume control wheel

pressure vent –> relieve / equalize to ambient pressure

battery door

receiver –> down in ear canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ITE advantages

A

may be less visible than BTE

may have room for features

easier to put in / take out –> BTE takes a lot of practice, more parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ITE disadvantages

A

less powerful than BTE

shorter battery life than BTE

prone to cerumen problems

dexterity required to manipulate controls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

in the canal & completely in canal

A

tinier & tinier, farther & farther in the ear canal

1 mic –> can’t pick out sound from the front & reduce from the back but get more pinna localization

battery door

receiver –> down in ear canal

no volume wheel, program button, or 2nd mic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

ITC & CIC advantages

A

least visible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

ITC &CIC disadvantages

A

typically not powerful

no room for volume / other features

difficult to put in & take out

shortest battery life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

lyric

A

leave it in full time & replace when battery dies every 6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

bone anchored BAHA

A

one piece surgically screwed into head behind ear

other piece screws on
works like bone knocker, bypasses middle ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

ear lens

A

transduces into laser signal & flashes @ photo receptors in inner ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

HA processing

A

continuous wave in air

enters mic, moves mesh, creates electrocurrent using ADC

ADC samples & quantizes

processed in computer & amplified (2 mics into 1 sound), back into continuous signal

sent through speaker & into ear

24
Q

HA processing w/ non flat HL

A

don’t want to amplify all freqs equally

putting signal in freq domain allows you to filter different freq regions

then you can selectively manipulate diff freq regions

HAs efficiently provide gain from 250-6000 Hz

25
Q

HA programming for speech

A

measure output of HA for speech relative to patient’s hearing thresholds

most adults need 70% audibility to understand 100% of speech

kids need 80-85%

26
Q

how do we know what & how much to amplify

A

speech banana

27
Q

gain

A

how much louder we’re making the sound relative to the sound coming in

when levels are expressed in dB, input subtracted from output

28
Q

goal of HA gain

A

make as much of the speech signal audible as possible w/out causing discomfort

dynamic range has decreased

29
Q

how much gain

A

general rule: 1/2 gain rule
if threshold = 50 dB, apply 25 dB of gain

30
Q

recruitment

A

reduced dynamic range

lower thresholds & lower uncomfortable listening level

31
Q

how do we fit the wide dynamic range of sound into a smaller range of hearing

A

amplitude compression

32
Q

amplitude compression

A

amount of gain applied changes depending on the input level

33
Q

amplitude compression goals

A

soft sounds are audible

moderate sounds are comfortable

loud sounds are loud w/out being uncomfortable

34
Q

wide dynamic range compression

A

what hearing aids use

done automatically using algorithms

35
Q

compression parameters

A

compression threshold

compression ratio

expansion

attack time

release time

36
Q

how do we know if we are actually applying the right amount of gain for different patients

A

verification

37
Q

verification

A

using real ear measures

machine w/ loudspeaker & display screen

can test HA in machine or in ear w/ a tube attached to the machine

38
Q

problem w/ hearing aids

A

amplifying sounds also amplifies background noise

39
Q

2 major ways hearing aids reduce background noise

A

directional mics / beamforming

digital noise reduction

40
Q

directional mics

A

hearing aid amplifies sound in the direction you’re looking

using 2 mics

can be Omni or directional as needed

41
Q

why are directional mic HAs bad for kids

A

incidental hearing is really important for learning language

42
Q

digital noise reduction

A

noise has really fast modulation
speech has very obvious peaks/formants

HAs can use this difference to distinguish between speech & noise

noise often low freq

43
Q

other noise reduction algorithms

A

feedback suppression

wind reduction

reverb reduction

own voice reduction

transient noise reduction

44
Q

who is a candidate for hearing aids

A

anybody with permanent hearing loss

any type but usually SNHL

45
Q

medical referral

A

patients must have a medical evaluation from a physician to obtain hearing aids

46
Q

goals for hearing aid fitting

A

hearing needs & expectations should be assessed prior to fitting

expectation management & assessment of patient’s readiness for change

47
Q

factors to consider when selecting a hearing aid

A

degree & ear

configuration

age

dexterity

cost

aesthetics / cosmetics

connectivity

48
Q

degree

A

small HA = less powerful

49
Q

sloping w/ normal thresholds below 1000 Hz

A

usually open fit HA

50
Q

sloping w/ HL below 1000 Hz or more than moderate HL at 2000 Hz

A

BTE or slim tube w/ closed domes

51
Q

flat or rising HL

A

occluding domes or ear molds

for low freq amplification

52
Q

benefits of binaural hearing

A

feeling of balance

localization

3 dB boost

improved understanding of speech in noise

AN will atrophy over time w/ no stimulation

53
Q

when you might not want to or be able to fit binaurally

A

anatomical limitations –> BAHA instead

insufficient residual hearing –> CI

poor speech recognition –> CI

cost

54
Q

considerations for pediatrics

A

kids always use BTEs

Oticon or Phonak – depending what technology is used at their school

battery lock so they don’t swallow any small pieces

55
Q

assess if HA is working

A

insert HA battery

turn on HA

cup HA in palm

should squeal/whistle if it’s working (feedback)

56
Q

what is needed for a listening check

A

listening stethoscope

battery tester

fresh batteries

brushes

cloth wipes

air blower bulb

suction (if available)

57
Q

performing listening check

A

turn HA on

speak various phonemes into HA mic

listen for quality – distortion, muffling

brush mics

clean earmold / dome / receiver

change batteries if needed

wipe off HA body w/ dry cloth

CS&D 320 (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions