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CS&D 320 > lecture 14: disorders of the outer & middle ear - exam 3 > Flashcards

lecture 14: disorders of the outer & middle ear - exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

congential

A

born w/ it

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2
Q

acquired

A

aquire it

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3
Q

low set pinna

A

congenital

caused by interruptions during fetal development

does not cause HL in isolation
can indicate malformations that do cause HL

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4
Q

protruding ear

A

congenital

not associated w/ hearing loss

can be corrected w/ setback otoplasty after age 5 (when pinna is fully formed)

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5
Q

lop ear

A

congenital

not associated w/ hearing loss

treatment:
do nothing
splint to reshape ear when child is a baby
otoplasty after age 5

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6
Q

microtia

A

congenital

external ear underdeveloped

caused by interruptions in fetal development

expressed externally
may indicate middle or inner ear deformities

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7
Q

Grade I malformed pinna

A

smaller than typical sized ear

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8
Q

grade II malformed pinna

A

stenosis

partially formed outer ear w/ small ear canal

audiogram, OAEs, & reflexes would all be normal

Tymps would have a smaller ECV

can’t use insert transducers

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9
Q

grade III malformed pinna

A

atresia

absent / closed ear canal

small peanut-shaped outer earlobe

conductive HL
no inserts
can’t test for tymps, OAEs, or reflexes because can’t get the probe in

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10
Q

grade IV malformed pinna

A

anotia

absence of ear canal & pinna

can still have a cochlea

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11
Q

preauricular pits & tags

A

do not cause HL in isolation

may be indicative of genetic syndromes associated w/ HL

indicates possible ME malformations

surgical treatment if necessary

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12
Q

craniofacial anomaly

A

abnormalities in the structure of the head & face

often part of a constellation of signs associated w/ a syndrome

conductive HL

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13
Q

treacher collins

A

craniofacial anomaly

1 in 50000

wears hearing aids on top of head – has a mic & vibrates bones

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14
Q

goldenhar syndrome

A

craniofacial anomaly

incomplete development of head & facial structures (& sometimes organs) on ONE side of the body

1 in 5600

conductive or SNHL (if organs underdeveloped, cochlea could be affected) on ONE side

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15
Q

down’s syndrome

A

craniofacial anomaly

3rd copy of chromosome 21

1 in 700 –> most common chromosomal disorder

ET dysfunction & partially formed airway –> chronic otitis media –> HL

low freq (ME infections tend to cause low freq HL) conductive

probably no OAEs, maybe ARTs

Type B tymp

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16
Q

cauliflower ear

A

aquired

caused by repeated blunt trauma to pinna
blood accumulates in pinna which disrupts blood supply

does not cause HL in isolation unless ear canal becomes stenotic & occluded w/ cerumen –> conductive HL

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17
Q

keloid

A

aquired

forms where skin is damages (surgery, cut, piercing, etc)

excessive scar tissue grows instead of skin
smooth, hard, benign

doesn’t cause HL in isolation

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18
Q

contact ulcer

A

acquired

injuries to the skin & tissue caused by prolonged pressure on the skin

very common from many HL treatments (hearing aids & CIs)

usually not a big deal but can become infected

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19
Q

frostbite

A

acuired

freezing of skin & tissue leading to tissue damage or death

remove blisters
topical antiobiotic
pain meds
amputation if tissues are dead

20
Q

collapsing ear canal

A

acquired

common in older adults as cartilage becomes less firm

can’t use inserts

high freq HL

21
Q

foreign object

A

acquired

audiologist might take out solid objects w/ a tool

generally no hearing loss associated, unless object is occluding

22
Q

exostoses

A

acquired

abnormal growth of bone in ear canal

long term exposure to wind & cold water - “surfer’s ear”

relatively common

BILATERAL

not necessarily progressive but does tend to get worse w/ continued exposure

23
Q

osteomas

A

acquired

slow growing, benign, bony tumor

relatively rare

UNILATERAL

progressive

24
Q

exostoses & osteomas tymps, oaes, arts, audiogram

A

presentation similar to exostoses & radiology required to differentiate

doesn’t cause HL in early stages but can cause conductive if becomes severe –> surgical removal

tymps = low ECV

OAEs & arts = can’t measure cuz can’t fit probe

25
otitis externa
acquired inflammation of the outer ear & ear canal red w/ white flaky due to high humidity, exposure to water/moisture, allergic reactions to earplugs hard to test audiogram etc bcs it's very painful but, OAEs & arts would probably be normal
26
otomycosis
acquired fungal infection - subtype of otitis externa relatively common in elderly hearing aid users refer to ENT & treat w/ anti fungal topical
27
furunculosis
acquired infection of hair follicle accumulation of pus red, swollen, painful not associated w/ HL but can affect ability to test
28
impacted cerumen
acquired can't use inserts tymps = low ECV no Oaes or arts
29
TM perforation causes
sudden pressure change (like diving or jumping out of a plane0 blow to the ear (car accident, sports injury) ear infection left untreated perforation by a swab or other object
30
TM perforation audiogram things
may cause no HL or low freq conductive tymps = high ECV type B
31
pressure equalization tube
TM perforation on purpose ME fluid drainage & pressure equalization because of ET dysfunction -- used as an alternate ET typically extrude on their own
32
PE tube audiogram stuff
present the same as a perforation only way to tell is by otoscopy
33
tympanosclerosis
TM tissue calcification after chronic otitis media &/or tubes very common no HL tymps = As or normal
34
negative middle ear pressure
retracted TM often associated w/ ET dysfunction infection creates swelling at opening of tube in nasopharynx chronic negative ME pressure may lead to effusion (fluid buildup then infection)
35
- ME pressure audiogram stuff
conductive low freq HL tymps = type C, negative ME pressure peak all the way to the left
36
otitis media
infection of mucous membrane lining of ME very common in children cuz ET is flat so it can't drain properly pain, fever, opaque & bulging TM leads to TM perf if left untreated --> often feels better, releases pressure acute or chronic w/ fluid = otitis media w/ effusion
37
otitis media audiogram stuff
low freq conductive tymps = type C or B depending on stage OAEs & arts not likely
38
otitis media aftermath
common but serious results in transient (temporary) HL untreated --> speech & language delays, poor academic performance necrosis (tissue death) mastoiditis (bone infection) cholesteatoma meningitis (infection of meninges in the brain)
39
mastoiditis
infection in temporal bone that begins to erode skull can extend laterally & protrude out of head can extend medially causing meningitis or brain abscess mastoidectomy
40
otitis media treatment
1st one = wait & see don't want to do antibiotics if not bacterial antibiotics myringotomy = incision in TM to relieve pressure & drain fluid PE tube or tympanoplasty
41
ossicular chain discontinuity
break anywhere along chain that causes decrease in stiffness caused by trauma usually treated w/ prosthesis PORP = partial ossicular replacement prosthesis TORP = total ossicular replacement prosthesis OAEs & arts hard to predict
42
otosclerosis
progressive most common ME Pathology after otitis media bone growth around staples --> fixes it to oval window --> can longer push into cochlea (do it's job) often affects women during pregnancy surgical treatment
43
carhart's notch
audiogram sign of otosclerosis conductive HL BC thresholds show notch at 2 kHz tymps = very variable, depends on progression of disease A or severe As
44
schwartz's sign
sign of otosclerosis increased vascularity observed on promontory through TM more blood = causes bone to grow
45
otosclerosis sugery
effective but imperfect avg improvement in thresholds = 10 dB prosthesis not as good as impedance matching as ossicles has risks

CS&D 320 (19 decks)

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