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PP2 > OA & RA > Flashcards

OA & RA Flashcards

1
Q

OA & RA are both?

A

Joint diseases

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2
Q

OA has systemic effects?

A

No

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3
Q

RA is a _____ _____ disease?

A

systemic autoimmune

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4
Q

OA: Age related ____ joint disease of ____ joints.

A

Degenerative; Synovial

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5
Q

OA: Characterised by:

  • Loss of ____
  • ____ formation where?
    • called what?
A

Articular cartilage
New bone formation on Joint margins
Called Osteophytes

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6
Q

OA: Bone changes where?

A

Subchondral

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7
Q

OA: 4 common sites?
OA: Where on spine?

A

Hands; KNEES; HIPS; Spine
Cervical (Neck)
Lumbar (Lower Back)

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8
Q

OA: How common? Age? Men/Women? Age?

A

Rare Women until >55y.o.

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9
Q

OA: Multifactorial causes?

Skeletal (3); Others (3)

A

Skeletal:
Joint inflammation, Joint instability, Congenital/Acquired skeletal deformities

Other: Drugs, Obesity, Trauma

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10
Q

Articular cartilage is a_____. Why?

A

Shock absorber. Protects bone.

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11
Q

Healthy articular cartilage depends on ____ to ____.

A

Chondrocytes. To balance Synthesis & Breakdown of Tissue

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12
Q

OA results when? How?

A

Equilibrium disturbed

Degenerative changes & Chondrocytes can’t keep up

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13
Q

OA: Age?

A

40’s & 50’s

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14
Q

Key feature of early OA?

A

Use-related joint pain EASED BY REST

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15
Q

OA: S/S in joints? (3)

A

Pain & stiffness

Enlargement/swelling

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16
Q

OA: S/S 3 degradations?

A

˅ROM (Range of motion)
Muscle wasting
Deformity

17
Q

OA: S/S: Early stages? (2)

A

Formation of OSTEOPHYTES

Joint space narrowing

18
Q

OA: S/S: Later stage: Loss of ROM due to? (2)

A

No joint space

Tendon & joint capsule contracture

19
Q

Difference: Tendon, Ligament, Cartilage?

A

Tendon: Muscle to bone
Ligament: Bone to bone
Cartilage: Covers ends of bones (shock absorber)

20
Q

What is indicative of erosive phase of OA?

A

Subchondral cysts

21
Q

What is Crepitus?

A

Crackling of joints

22
Q

Crepitus palpable on movement due to? (2)

A

Cartilage loss & Joint surface irregularity

23
Q

OA: S/S: Late changes:

____ form from ____ & ____.

A

LARGE osteophytes

Bone repair & remodelling

24
Q

Joint destruction due to? (2)

A

Cartilage loss & Subchondral bone collapse

25
Q

RA: What is affected first?

A

Synovial membrane

26
Q

RA: What is affected after synovial membrane? (3)

A

Articular cartilage
Fibrous joint capsule
Surrounding ligaments

27
Q

RA affects joints only?

A

No. Systemic & autoimmune. Widespread changes in a number of tissues in body.

28
Q

Why do people with RA die younger?

A

Chronic inflammation in organ systems

29
Q

RA: Powerful drug used to treat? Why is it used?

A

Methotrexate (treats autoimmune diseases)

Prevent deterioration & further deformity.

30
Q

What does synovial fluid cover? What does it do?

A

Synovium & cartilage

Is a lubricant for synovial-cartilage interaction

31
Q

Early stage RA: Synovium becomes?

Later RA: Inflamed synovium develops what? AKA?

A

Oedema, Thicken, Hyperplastic (^cells–>enlarged)
Granulation tissue aka Pannus
(New tissue from healing)

32
Q

What does Granulation tissue (Pannus) do? Resulting in?

A

Invades & destroys Articular cartilage & Bone

Bone erosion & formation of Subchondral cysts

33
Q

RA Diagnosis:
Inflammation of joints? (4)
Rheumatoid? (2)
Radiographic?

A
  • Inflammation of joints:
    Morning stiffness > 1hr
    Arthritis: >=3joints, Hand joints, Symmetric
  • Rheumatoid;
    Rheumatoid nodules (swelling tissue lump)
    Serum Rheumatoid Factor (RF) Test
  • X-RAY (radiographic changes)
34
Q

Most common joints affected by RA?

A

FINGERS HANDS WRISTS

elbows feet ankles knees

35
Q

RA causes? Internal (3)/External (2)?

A

Internal: Genetic, Hormonal, Reproductive factors
External: Infectious agent (Trigger), Environmental exposure

36
Q 
RA: S/S:
Onset is sudden?
Systemic signs of inflammation? (6)
Joints become?
Deterioration/Degradation?
A

No. Gradual
Fever, fatigue, weakness, weight loss, body aches, stiffness
Pain, Tender, Stiff
Y Mobility, Y Muscle (wasting), Joint deformities

37
Q

RA: Complications:
Formation of synovial cysts where?
2 other complications?

A

Articular cartilage OR Subchondral bone

Rupture cyst
Rheumatoid nodules

38
Q 
OA & RA differences:
Inflammation?
Seriousness?
Symmetrical?
Main target area & End result?
Population affected?
A 
OA Little RA A lot
OA varies RA Always serious
OA Weight bearing worse RA Yes
OA Articular cartilage --> Osteophytes 
RA Synovial membrane--> Synovial cysts
OA Everyone RA 1% population

PP2 (10 decks)

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